Django REST：如何在嵌套ModelSerializer中POST和PUT數據

我是Django的新手，已經獲得了數據。一些JSON的部分如下：Django REST：如何在嵌套ModelSerializer中POST和PUT數據

{ 
    "pk": 4, 
    "account": "user4", 
    "password": "5340", 
    "UserDatas": { 
     "memberAccount_id": 4, 
     "username": "Dylan", 
     "gender": true, 
     "score": 100, 
     "photo": "photos/2016/05/16/avatar.png", 
     "TaskDatas": [ 
      { 
       "userData_id": 4, 
       "task_name": "make a phone call", 
       "task_is_group": false, 
       "task_time": "2015/05/18", 
       "task_score": 2, 
       "task_member_list": "", 
       "task_bulletin": "phone number is 1234-5678" 
      } 
     ], 
     "FriendsDatas": [], 
     "ChatroomDatas": [] 
    } 
},

這是我的models.py

class MemberAccount(models.Model): 
    account = models.CharField(max_length=50) 
    password = models.CharField(max_length=30) 

    def __str__(self): 
     return "%s : %s" % (self.account, self.password) 

class UserData(models.Model): 
    memberAccount_id = models.OneToOneField(
     MemberAccount, 
     on_delete=models.CASCADE, 
     primary_key=True, 
     related_name='UserDatas', 
     blank=True 
    ) 
    username = models.CharField(max_length=30, default="") 
    gender = models.BooleanField() 
    score = models.IntegerField() 
    photo = models.ImageField(upload_to ="photos/%Y/%m/%d/", null=True ,blank=True) 

    class Meta: 
     unique_together = ('memberAccount_id', 'username') 
     order_with_respect_to = 'memberAccount_id' 

    def __str__(self): 
     return "%s : %s" % (self.memberAccount_id, self.username) 

class TaskData(models.Model): 
    userData_id = models.ForeignKey(UserData, related_name='TaskDatas', null=True) 
    task_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="") 
    task_is_group = models.BooleanField() 
    task_time= models.CharField(max_length=30) 
    task_score = models.IntegerField() 
    task_member_list = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True ,blank=True) 
    task_bulletin = models.TextField(blank=True, default='') 

    class Meta: 
     unique_together = ('userData_id', 'task_name') 
     order_with_respect_to = 'userData_id' 

    def __str__(self): 
     return "%s : %s" % (self.userData_id, self.task_name) 

class ChatroomData(models.Model): 
    userdata_cid = models.ForeignKey(UserData, related_name='ChatroomDatas', null=True, blank=True) 
    chatroom_member = models.CharField(max_length=30) 
    chatroom_contents = models.TextField(blank=True, default='') 

    def __str__(self): 
    # 在Python3中使用 def __str__(self) 
    return "%s : %s" % (self.userdata_cid, self.chatroom_member) 


class FriendsData(models.Model): 
    usersData_id = models.ForeignKey(UserData, related_name='FriendsDatas', null=True) 
    friend_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) 
    friend_account = models.CharField(max_length=50) 

    class Meta: 
     unique_together = ('usersData_id', 'friend_name') 
     order_with_respect_to = 'usersData_id' 

    def __str__(self): 
    # 在Python3中使用 def __str__(self) 
     return "%s : %s" % (self.usersData_id, self.friend_name) 

class SubtaskData(models.Model): 
    taskData_id = models.ForeignKey(TaskData, related_name='SubtaskDatas', null=True) 
    subtask_name = models.CharField(max_length=100) 
    subtask_deadline = models.CharField(max_length=30) 
    subtask_completion= models.IntegerField() 
    subtask_importance = models.IntegerField() 
    subtask_item = models.TextField(blank=True, default='') 


    class Meta: 
     unique_together = ('taskData_id', 'subtask_name') 
     order_with_respect_to = 'taskData_id' 

    def __str__(self): 
    # 在Python3中使用 def __str__(self) 
     return "%s : %s" % (self.taskData_id, self.subtask_name)

views.py

@api_view(['GET','POST']) 
def jobterm_list(request, format=None): 

    if request.method=="GET": 
     MemberAccounts =list(MemberAccount.objects.all()) 
     serializer = MemberAccountSerializer(MemberAccounts,many=True) 
     return Response(serializer.data) 


    elif request.method == 'POST': 
     #print (request.body) 
     serializer = MemberAccountSerializer(data=request.data) 

     if serializer.is_valid(): 
      serializer.save() 
      return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) 
     else: 
      return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) 



@api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE']) # 
def jobterm_detial(request,pk, format=None): 
    try: 
     member_Account = MemberAccount.objects.get(pk=pk) 
    except MemberAccount.DoesNotExist: 
     return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND) 

    if request.method == "GET": 
     serializer = MemberAccountSerializer(member_Account) 
     return Response(serializer.data) 

    elif request.method == "PUT": 
     serializer = MemberAccountSerializer(member_Account,data=request.data) 
     if serializer.is_valid(): 
      serializer.save() 
      return Response(serializer.data) 
     else: 
      return Response(serializer.errors,status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) 

    elif request.method == "DELETE": 
     member_Account.delete() 
     return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

serializer.py

class ChatroomDataSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    class Meta: 
     model = ChatroomData 
     fields = ("userdata_cid", "chatroom_member", "chatroom_contents") 

class TaskDataSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    class Meta: 
     model = TaskData 
     fields = ("userData_id", "task_name", "task_is_group", 
       "task_time", "task_score", "task_member_list", 
       "task_bulletin") 

class FriendsDataSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    class Meta: 
     model = FriendsData 
     fields = ("usersData_id","friend_name","friend_account") 

class UserDataSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    TaskDatas = TaskDataSerializer(many = True) 
    FriendsDatas = FriendsDataSerializer(many = True) 
    ChatroomDatas = ChatroomDataSerializer(many = True) 
    class Meta: 
     model = UserData 
     fields = ("memberAccount_id","username","gender","score", 
       "photo","TaskDatas","FriendsDatas","ChatroomDatas") 

class MemberAccountSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    UserDatas = UserDataSerializer(required = False) 
    class Meta: 
     model = MemberAccount 
     fields = ("pk","account","password","UserDatas") 

class SubtaskDataSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    class Meta: 
     model = SubtaskData 
     fields = ("taskData_id","subtask_name","subtask_deadline","subtask_completion", 
       "subtask_importance","subtask_item")

我嘗試重寫create（）和update（）方法在serializer.py中POST POST json，但是要連接的層太多。我不知道這件事。

下面是我的create方法，但它只能POST MemberAccount和UserData。

def create(self, validated_data): 

    memberaccount = MemberAccount.objects.create(account = validated_data['account'], 
               password = validated_data['password']) 

    User_Datas = validated_data.pop('UserDatas') 

    for item in User_Datas: 
     userdata = UserData.objects.create(username = User_Datas.get('username'), 
           gender = User_Datas.get('gender'), 
           score = User_Datas.get('score'), 
           photo = User_Datas.get('photo')) 

     userdata.save() 
    return memberaccount

的POST JSON消息：

{"account":"try3","password":"8493","UserDatas":{"memberAccount_id":0,"username":"Amy","gender":false,"score":100,"photo":null,"TaskDatas":[],"FriendsDatas":[],"ChatroomDatas": []}}

來源

2016-05-16 鄔喬妤

我不明白。問題是什麼？ – chachan

我想發佈的所有數據的用戶包括：MemberAccount，UserData，TaskData，FriendsData，SubtaskData，ChatroomData，但現在我只能發佈MemberAccount，UserData。 –

只需保存相關模型相應如下：

def create(self, validated_data): 

    memberaccount = MemberAccount.objects.create(account = validated_data['account'], 
              password = validated_data['password']) 
    memberaccount.save() 
    User_Datas = validated_data.pop('UserDatas') 

    userdata = UserData.objects.create(username = User_Datas.get('username'), 
     gender = User_Datas.get('gender'), 
     score = User_Datas.get('score'), 
     photo = User_Datas.get('photo'),) 
    userdata.memberAccount_id = memberaccount 

    userdata.save() 

    Task_Datas = User_Datas.get('TaskDatas') 
    for task in Task_Datas: 
     taskdata = TaskData(
      task_name = task.get('task_name'), 
      task_is_group = task.get('task_is_group'), 
      task_time = task.get('task_time'), 
      task_score = task.get('task_score'), 
      task_member_list = task.get('task_member_list'), 
      task_bulletin = task.get('task_bulletin'), 
     ) 
     taskdata.userData_id = userdata 
     taskdata.save() 

    return memberaccount

來源

2016-05-18 04:48:19 Ethan

我可以問另外一個問題嗎？我嘗試上面的代碼，我不知道如何通過json分配id號，例如：memberAccount_id，userData_id等？當我發佈不存在的身份證號碼時，錯誤消息將顯示身份證已經存在但實際上不存在。 –

在django中，它應該是你模型的一個實例（例如MemberAccount，UserData）。如果這是一個不存在的ID，這應該是一個新的實例。您不應在您的發佈數據上分配任何ID。 – Ethan

我不知道這個模型設計是否是您的應用程序所必需的。否則，您應該合併MemberAccount和UserData模型。帖子數據只會變成兩個級別。你將更容易處理髮布數據。 – Ethan

這是我看到的選項：

您可以創建一組鏈接POST調用的，如果你不介意的原子（我不會推薦這個選項）
拆分你的前端UI/UX，這樣你就可以隔離數據並且易於處理。例如，它們中的每一個都有不同的面板
保存在編輯（前端）上，因此您可以像上一個一樣同步小塊數據
處理視圖（後端）上的數據。您還需要處理原子性，但您可以依靠驗證器。在這種情況下，你需要爲每個人創造串行實例
創建作爲屬性串行列表嵌套序列化，但如你所說，你可能需要處理超過一層

來源

2016-05-17 13:28:20 chachan

我非常感謝你的回答，但它仍然讓我困惑。你能給我一些具體的例子嗎？ –

@鄔喬妤哪一個？ – chachan

我想嘗試最後一個，因爲我認爲這對我來說更容易實現。 –

Django REST：如何在嵌套ModelSerializer中POST和PUT數據

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