cron與gsettings

Question

我寫了一個bash腳本來改變壁紙（對於GNOME3）。在終端仿真器執行

#!/bin/bash 

# Wallpaper's directory. 
dir="${HOME}/images/wallpapers/" 

# Random wallpaper. 
wallpaper=`find "${dir}" -type f | shuf -n1` 

# Change wallpaper. 
# http://bit.ly/HYEU9H 
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-options "spanned" 
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "file://${wallpaper}" 

腳本（例如侏儒末端）工程巨大。由cron執行，或ttyX終端收到錯誤期間：

** (process:26717): WARNING **: Command line `dbus-launch --autolaunch=d64a757758b286540cc0858400000603 --binary-syntax --close-stderr' exited with non-zero exit status 1: Autolaunch error: X11 initialization failed.\n 

** (process:26717): WARNING **: Command line `dbus-launch --autolaunch=d64a757758b286540cc0858400000603 --binary-syntax --close-stderr' exited with non-zero exit status 1: Autolaunch error: X11 initialization failed.\n 

** (process:26721): WARNING **: Command line `dbus-launch --autolaunch=d64a757758b286540cc0858400000603 --binary-syntax --close-stderr' exited with non-zero exit status 1: Autolaunch error: X11 initialization failed.\n 

** (process:26721): WARNING **: Command line `dbus-launch --autolaunch=d64a757758b286540cc0858400000603 --binary-syntax --close-stderr' exited with non-zero exit status 1: Autolaunch error: X11 initialization failed.\n 

Answer 1

我找到了一些解決方案。當您導出文件〜/ .dbus/session-bus/*中包含的變量DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS時，dbus-launch不會報告有關錯誤的更多信息。但是，而不是壁紙有文物。

添加代碼：

sessionfile=`find "${HOME}/.dbus/session-bus/" -type f` 
export `grep "DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS" "${sessionfile}" | sed '/^#/d'` 

現在腳本是這樣的：

#!/bin/bash 

# TODO: At night only dark wallpapers. 

# Wallpaper's directory. 
dir="${HOME}/images/wallpapers/" 

# Weird, but necessary thing to run with cron. 
sessionfile=`find "${HOME}/.dbus/session-bus/" -type f` 
export `grep "DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS" "${sessionfile}" | sed '/^#/d'` 

# Random wallpaper. 
wallpaper=`find "${dir}" -type f | shuf -n1` 

# Change wallpaper. 
# https://superuser.com/questions/298050/periodically-changing-wallpaper-under-gnome-3/298182#298182 
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-options "spanned" 
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "file://${wallpaper}" 

Answer 2

要通過的cron更改壁紙，只是這樣做，直接在crontab： 執行crontab -e命令

添加這樣的線：

30 09 * * * DIS PLAY =：0 GSETTINGS_BACKEND = dconf/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file：////home/elison/Pictures/morning.jpg

00 12 * * * DISPLAY = ：0 GSETTINGS_BACKEND = dconf/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file：////home/elison/Pictures/noon.jpg

Answer 3

試過這個，它對我很好用：

dbus-launch --exit-with-session gsettings set schema key value 

或者從根的cron：

sudo -u user dbus-launch --exit-with-session gsettings set schema key value 

信用：http://php.mandelson.org/wp2/?p=565

Answer 4

增加出口DISPLAY =：0 & &出口XAUTHORITY = /家庭/用戶名/ .Xauthority中，其中username是你的Ubuntu用戶名。它應該修復X11授權錯誤。

Answer 5

最後我管理如何解決這個問題後，許多嘗試。

事實上，問題的發生是因爲cron只使用了一組非常有限的環境變量。只有一個環境變量負責以正確的方式將腳本從設置爲cron作業的問題運行到DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS而不是DISPLAY或XAUTHORITY或GSETTINGS_BACKEND或其他內容。這個事實在this answer也很好。

但this answer問題是沒有保證是從~/.dbus/session-bus/目錄文件DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS變量更新爲從當前的GNOME會話的電流值。爲了解決這個問題，一種方法是在當前的gnome會話中找到進程的PID，並從其環境中獲取dbus地址。我們可以做到這一點如下：

PID=$(pgrep gnome-session) # instead of 'gnome-session' it can be also used 'noutilus' or 'compiz' or the name of a process of a graphical program about that you are sure that is running after you log in the X session 
export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=$(grep -z DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS /proc/$PID/environ|cut -d= -f2-) 

話雖這麼說，腳本應該是這樣的：

#!/bin/bash 

# TODO: At night only dark wallpapers. 

# Wallpaper's directory. 
dir="${HOME}/images/wallpapers/" 

# export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS environment variable 
PID=$(pgrep gnome-session) 
export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=$(grep -z DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS /proc/$PID/environ|cut -d= -f2-) 

# Random wallpaper. 
wallpaper=`find "${dir}" -type f | shuf -n1` 

# Change wallpaper. 
# http://bit.ly/HYEU9H 
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-options "spanned" 
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "file://${wallpaper}"