列表名稱的文件與Python中的一部分字符串

Question

我想列出包含我指定爲其名稱一部分的字符串的目錄中的所有文件。我想在循環的每次迭代中改變這個字符串。我正在使用的代碼是：

from subprocess import Popen 
from subprocess import call 

species_array = ["homo_sapiens", "pan_troglodytes", "pongo_abelii", "gorilla_gorilla", "macaca_mulatta", "callithrix_jacchus", "bos_taurus", "canis_familiaris", "equus_caballus", "felis_catus", "ovis_aries", "sus_scrofa", "oryctolagus_cuniculus", "rattus_norvegicus", "mus_caroli", "mus_pahari", "mus_musculus"] 
run_length = (len(species_array) - 5) 
path = "/homes/varshith/maf_files/1/testmafs/HAL_Files/" 
for i in range (run_length): 
    s = Popen("find", path, "-name", *species_array[i+1]*) 
    print s.communicate()[0] 

該文件應該包含species_array [i + 1]作爲其名稱的一部分。提前致謝。

Answer 1

如果要使用find，則需要通過list的args時shell=False。 check_output會爲你的情況下工作，你可以切片的列表，而不是使用範圍的，你需要str.format包裹每個物種/ ELE在*：

from subprocess import check_output 

species_array = ["homo_sapiens", "pan_troglodytes", "pongo_abelii", "gorilla_gorilla", "macaca_mulatta", "callithrix_jacchus", "bos_taurus", "canis_familiaris", "equus_caballus", "felis_catus", "ovis_aries", "sus_scrofa", "oryctolagus_cuniculus", "rattus_norvegicus", "mus_caroli", "mus_pahari", "mus_musculus"] 
path = "/homes/varshith/maf_files/1/testmafs/HAL_Files/" 
for ele in species_array[1:-5]: 
    s = check_output(["find", path, "-name", "*{0}*".format(ele)]) 
    print s 

對於Python 2.6使用POPEN：

from subprocess Popen,PIPE 

species_array = ["homo_sapiens", "pan_troglodytes", "pongo_abelii", "gorilla_gorilla", "macaca_mulatta", "callithrix_jacchus", "bos_taurus", "canis_familiaris", "equus_caballus", "felis_catus", "ovis_aries", "sus_scrofa", "oryctolagus_cuniculus", "rattus_norvegicus", "mus_caroli", "mus_pahari", "mus_musculus"] 
path = "/homes/varshith/maf_files/1/testmafs/HAL_Files/" 
for ele in species_array[1:-5]: 
    s = Popen(["find", path, "-name", "*{0}*".format(ele)],stdout=PIPE,stderr=PIPE) 
    out,err = s.communicate() 
    print(out,err) 

Answer 2

你循環都是錯誤的。蟒蛇是遠不止表現：

1）您可以通過啓動範圍在1跳過第一個元素：

for i in range(1, len(species_arr) - 4): 

...然後使用i，而不是你的i+1內循環。

2）即使容易（更地道）是使用列表分片：

for species in species_arr[1:-4]: 

3）您可以格式化使用format（）方法在Python字符串。

這裏是採用那些概念的示例：

species_arr = [ 
    "homo_sapiens", 
    "pan_troglodytes", 
    "pongo_abelii", 
    "gorilla_gorilla", 
    "macaca_mulatta", 
    "callithrix_jacchus", 
    "bos_taurus", 
    "canis_familiaris", 
    "equus_caballus", 
    "felis_catus", 
    "ovis_aries", 
    "sus_scrofa", 
    "oryctolagus_cuniculus", 
    "rattus_norvegicus", 
    "mus_caroli", 
    "mus_pahari", 
    "mus_musculus" 
] 

chop_from_end = 4 

for species in species_arr[1:-chop_from_end]: 
    fname = "*{0}*".format(species) 
    print fname 

--output:-- 
*pan_troglodytes* 
*pongo_abelii* 
*gorilla_gorilla* 
*macaca_mulatta* 
*callithrix_jacchus* 
*bos_taurus* 
*canis_familiaris* 
*equus_caballus* 
*felis_catus* 
*ovis_aries* 
*sus_scrofa* 
*oryctolagus_cuniculus* 

格式（）方法在Python 3.0中引入 - 但它被反向移植到Python 2.6（在更有限的形式）。如果由於某種原因，你的安裝沒有格式（）方法，你可以使用舊的方式：

fname = "*%s*" % species 

查看其他格式（）的例子在這裏：

https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#format-examples

4）這裏是什麼你可以用glob module做：

import glob 
import os.path 
import pprint 

base_dir = '/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1' 

names = ['a', 'b', 'c'] 

for name in names: 
    fname = "*{0}*".format(name) 
    path = os.path.join(base_dir, fname) 
    pprint.pprint(glob.glob(path)) 
    print '-' * 20 

--output:-- 
['/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/__pycache__', 
'/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/a.txt', 
'/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/aa.txt', 
'/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/ab.txt', 
'/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/ba.txt'] 
-------------------- 
['/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/ab.txt', 
'/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/b.txt', 
'/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/ba.txt'] 
-------------------- 
['/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/__pycache__'] 
-------------------- 

或者，作爲name, matches雙的字典：

results = dict(
    (
     name, 
     glob.iglob(os.path.join(base_dir, "*{0}*".format(name))) 
    ) 
    for name in names 
) 

for name, _iter in results.items(): 
    print "{0}:".format(name) 
    pprint.pprint(list(_iter)) 

--output:-- 
a: 
['/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/__pycache__', 
'/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/a.txt', 
'/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/aa.txt', 
'/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/ab.txt', 
'/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/ba.txt'] 
c: 
['/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/__pycache__'] 
b: 
['/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/ab.txt', 
'/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/b.txt', 
'/Users/7stud/python_programs/dir1/ba.txt']