C++組成循環依賴項

Question

我正在嘗試學習C++，目前我正在嘗試瞭解如何在此語言中實現對象組合。

我有一個Character類繼承Hero和Monster類。

A Character有一個NormalAbility和一個SpecialAbility。

我製作了NormalAbility和SpecialAbility類，它們都繼承了一個Ability超類。

我的問題是，當我在Ability.h中放置#include「Character.h」時，Character.h中的normalAbility和specialAbility變量不會被識別爲它們的受尊敬的類。錯誤，如 「語法錯誤：標識符串」 顯示德才兼備繼承類的標題

這裏是我的代碼：

Character.h

#pragma once 
#include <string> 
#include "NormalAbility.h" 
#include "SpecialAbility.h" 

using namespace std; 

class Character 
{ 
public: 
    Character(string name, string type, int hp, NormalAbility na, 
      SpecialAbility sa); 
    bool isDead(); 
    void damage(int amt); 
    void heal(int amt); 
    void attack(Character* c, int amt); 

private: 
    string name; 
    string type; 
    int hp; 
    int maxHp; 
    NormalAbility* normalAblity; 
    SpecialAbility* specialAbility; 
} 

Character.cpp

#include "Character.h" 
#include <iostream> 

Character::Character(string name, string type, int hp, NormalAbility* na, 
      SpecialAbility* sa) 
{ 
    this->name = name; 
    this->type = type; 
    this->maxHp = hp; 
    this->hp = hp; 
    normalAbility = na; 
    specialAbility = sa; 
} 

bool Character::isDead(){ 
    return hp <= 0; 
} 

void Character::damage(int amt){ 
    if (hp > 0){ 
     hp -= amt; 
    } 
    else{ 
     hp = 0; 
    } 
} 

void Character::heal(int amt){ 
    if (hp + amt > maxHp){ 
     hp = maxHp; 
    } 
    else{ 
     hp += amt; 
    } 
} 

void Character::attack(Character* c, int amt){ 
    c->damage(amt); 
} 

Hero.h

#pragma once 
#include "Character.h" 
#include <string> 

using namespace std; 

class Hero : 
    public Character 
{ 
public: 
    Hero(string name, int hp); 
} 

Hero.cpp

#include "Hero.h" 
#include <iostream> 

Hero::Hero(string name, int hp) 
    : Character(name, "Hero", hp) 
{ 
} 

Ability.h

#pragma once 
#include <string> 
#include "Character.h" 

using namespace std; 

class Ability 
{ 
public: 
    Ability(string name, string type, Character* owner); 
    void levelUp(); 
private: 
    string name; 
    string type; 
    int level; 
    Character* owner; 
} 

Ability.cpp

#include "Ability.h" 

Ability::Ability(string name, string type, Character* owner) 
{ 
    this->name = name; 
    this->type = type; 
    this->owner = owner; 
    level = 1; 
} 

void Ability::levelUp(){ 
    level++; 
} 

NormalAbility.h

#pragma once 
#include "Ability.h" 
#include <string> 

using namespace std; 

class NormalAbility : 
    public Ability 
{ 
public: 
    NormalAbility(string name); 
} 

NormalAbility.cpp

#pragma once 
#include "NormalAbility.h" 
#include <string> 

using namespace std; 

NormalAbility::NormalAbility(string name) : Ability(name, "Normal") 
{ 
    //some codes 
} 

Answer 1

這樣你可以避免循環包括.h文件的，因爲你把它放置在.cpp，並在.H你說，「性格存在，但不要「不會在意他的定義，現在」

Ability.h

#pragma once 
#include <string> 


class Character; 

using namespace std; 

class Ability 
{ 
public: 
    Ability(string name, string type, Character* owner); 
    void levelUp(); 
private: 
    string name; 
    string type; 
    int level; 
    Character* owner; 
} 

Ability.cpp

#include "Ability.h" 
#include "Character.h" 

Ability::Ability(string name, string type, Character* owner) 
{ 
    this->name = name; 
    this->type = type; 
    this->owner = owner; 
    level = 1; 
} 

void Ability::levelUp(){ 
    level++; 
}