通過devise on rails發送確認郵件時出現奇怪的錯誤3.0.3，ruby 1.8.7

Question

我在Rails 3.0.3和ruby 1.8.7上使用devise 1.3.4進行用戶認證/授權和新用戶創建。 （我在設計和omniauth上使用了Ryan的railscast，但也使用了可確認的選項）

當數據庫中沒有用戶時，它工作得很好。然而，當我signout的唯一用戶，並嘗試建立一個新的，我得到以下錯誤：

undefined method `encode!' for "Confirmation":String 

下面是完整的堆棧跟蹤：

ail (2.2.17) lib/mail/fields/unstructured_field.rb:169:in `encode' 
mail (2.2.17) lib/mail/fields/unstructured_field.rb:138:in `fold' 
mail (2.2.17) lib/mail/fields/unstructured_field.rb:108:in `wrapped_value' 
mail (2.2.17) lib/mail/fields/unstructured_field.rb:70:in `do_encode' 
mail (2.2.17) lib/mail/fields/unstructured_field.rb:52:in `encoded' 
mail (2.2.17) lib/mail/field.rb:122:in `send' 
mail (2.2.17) lib/mail/field.rb:122:in `method_missing' 
mail (2.2.17) lib/mail/header.rb:190:in `encoded' 
mail (2.2.17) lib/mail/header.rb:189:in `each' 
mail (2.2.17) lib/mail/header.rb:189:in `encoded' 
mail (2.2.17) lib/mail/message.rb:1707:in `encoded' 
actionmailer (3.0.3) lib/action_mailer/base.rb:420:in `set_payload_for_mail' 
actionmailer (3.0.3) lib/action_mailer/base.rb:400:in `deliver_mail' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:52:in `instrument' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:21:in `instrument' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:52:in `instrument' 
actionmailer (3.0.3) lib/action_mailer/base.rb:399:in `deliver_mail' 
mail (2.2.17) lib/mail/message.rb:230:in `deliver' 
devise (1.3.4) lib/devise/models/confirmable.rb:50:in `send_confirmation_instructions' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:425:in `_run_create_callbacks' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:281:in `create' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/persistence.rb:246:in `create_or_update' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:277:in `create_or_update' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:418:in `_run_save_callbacks' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:277:in `create_or_update' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/persistence.rb:39:in `save' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/validations.rb:43:in `save' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:21:in `save' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:237:in `save' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:289:in `with_transaction_returning_status' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:139:in `transaction' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:204:in `transaction' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:287:in `with_transaction_returning_status' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:237:in `save' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:248:in `rollback_active_record_state!' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/transactions.rb:236:in `save' 
devise (1.3.4) app/controllers/devise/registrations_controller.rb:16:in `create' 
app/controllers/registrations_controller.rb:3:in `create' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb:4:in `send_action' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb:4:in `send_action' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:151:in `process_action' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:11:in `process_action' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:18:in `process_action' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:445:in `_run__799082383__process_action__1623385099__callbacks' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:409:in `send' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:409:in `_run_process_action_callbacks' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:93:in `send' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:93:in `run_callbacks' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:17:in `process_action' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:30:in `process_action' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:52:in `instrument' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:21:in `instrument' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:52:in `instrument' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:29:in `process_action' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:17:in `process_action' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:120:in `process' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:40:in `process' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:138:in `dispatch' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_controller/metal/rack_delegation.rb:14:in `dispatch' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:178:in `action' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:62:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:62:in `dispatch' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:27:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb:35:in `call' 
rack-mount (0.6.14) lib/rack/mount/route_set.rb:148:in `call' 
rack-mount (0.6.14) lib/rack/mount/code_generation.rb:93:in `recognize' 
rack-mount (0.6.14) lib/rack/mount/code_generation.rb:89:in `optimized_each' 
rack-mount (0.6.14) lib/rack/mount/code_generation.rb:92:in `recognize' 
rack-mount (0.6.14) lib/rack/mount/route_set.rb:139:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:492:in `call' 
oa-core (0.2.4) lib/omniauth/strategy.rb:59:in `call!' 
oa-core (0.2.4) lib/omniauth/strategy.rb:26:in `call' 
oa-core (0.2.4) lib/omniauth/strategy.rb:59:in `call!' 
oa-core (0.2.4) lib/omniauth/strategy.rb:26:in `call' 
oa-core (0.2.4) lib/omniauth/strategy.rb:59:in `call!' 
oa-core (0.2.4) lib/omniauth/strategy.rb:26:in `call' 
oa-core (0.2.4) lib/omniauth/builder.rb:30:in `call' 
warden (1.0.4) lib/warden/manager.rb:35:in `call' 
warden (1.0.4) lib/warden/manager.rb:34:in `catch' 
warden (1.0.4) lib/warden/manager.rb:34:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/best_standards_support.rb:17:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/head.rb:14:in `call' 
rack (1.2.2) lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:24:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb:21:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/flash.rb:182:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/abstract_store.rb:149:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:295:in `call' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:32:in `call' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:28:in `cache' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:12:in `cache' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:31:in `call' 
activerecord (3.0.3) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:353:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:46:in `call' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:415:in `_run_call_callbacks' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:44:in `call' 
rack (1.2.2) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:107:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:48:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:46:in `call' 
railties (3.0.3) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:13:in `call' 
rack (1.2.2) lib/rack/runtime.rb:17:in `call' 
activesupport (3.0.3) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb:72:in `call' 
rack (1.2.2) lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `call' 
rack (1.2.2) lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `synchronize' 
rack (1.2.2) lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `call' 
actionpack (3.0.3) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:30:in `call' 
railties (3.0.3) lib/rails/application.rb:168:in `call' 
railties (3.0.3) lib/rails/application.rb:77:in `send' 
railties (3.0.3) lib/rails/application.rb:77:in `method_missing' 
railties (3.0.3) lib/rails/rack/log_tailer.rb:14:in `call' 
rack (1.2.2) lib/rack/content_length.rb:13:in `call' 
rack (1.2.2) lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:52:in `service' 
/Users/rahulbaxi/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/httpserver.rb:104:in `service' 
/Users/rahulbaxi/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/httpserver.rb:65:in `run' 
/Users/rahulbaxi/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:173:in `start_thread' 
/Users/rahulbaxi/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:162:in `start' 
/Users/rahulbaxi/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:162:in `start_thread' 
/Users/rahulbaxi/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:95:in `start' 
/Users/rahulbaxi/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:92:in `each' 
/Users/rahulbaxi/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:92:in `start' 
/Users/rahulbaxi/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:23:in `start' 
/Users/rahulbaxi/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:82:in `start' 
rack (1.2.2) lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:13:in `run' 
rack (1.2.2) lib/rack/server.rb:213:in `start' 
railties (3.0.3) lib/rails/commands/server.rb:65:in `start' 
railties (3.0.3) lib/rails/commands.rb:30 
railties (3.0.3) lib/rails/commands.rb:27:in `tap' 
railties (3.0.3) lib/rails/commands.rb:27 
script/rails:6:in `require' 
script/rails:6 

請幫我出這個！

Answer 1

String#encode!在Ruby 1.9中是新的，所以它只是not there in 1.8.7。所以看起來好像你使用的郵件寶石依賴於1.9。