這裏是發送帶有(或不帶)附件的電子郵件所需的代碼(和解釋)。
import httplib2
import os
import oauth2client
from oauth2client import client, tools
import base64
from email import encoders
#needed for attachment
import smtplib
import mimetypes
from email import encoders
from email.message import Message
from email.mime.audio import MIMEAudio
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
#List of all mimetype per extension: http://help.dottoro.com/lapuadlp.php or http://mime.ritey.com/
from apiclient import errors, discovery #needed for gmail service
## About credentials
# There are 2 types of "credentials":
# the one created and downloaded from https://console.developers.google.com/apis/ (let's call it the client_id)
# the one that will be created from the downloaded client_id (let's call it credentials, it will be store in C:\Users\user\.credentials)
#Getting the CLIENT_ID
# 1) enable the api you need on https://console.developers.google.com/apis/
# 2) download the .json file (this is the CLIENT_ID)
# 3) save the CLIENT_ID in same folder as your script.py
# 4) update the CLIENT_SECRET_FILE (in the code below) with the CLIENT_ID filename
#Optional
# If you don't change the permission ("scope"):
#the CLIENT_ID could be deleted after creating the credential (after the first run)
# If you need to change the scope:
# you will need the CLIENT_ID each time to create a new credential that contains the new scope.
# Set a new credentials_path for the new credential (because it's another file)
def get_credentials():
# If needed create folder for credential
home_dir = os.path.expanduser('~') #>> C:\Users\Me
credential_dir = os.path.join(home_dir, '.credentials') # >>C:\Users\Me\.credentials (it's a folder)
if not os.path.exists(credential_dir):
os.makedirs(credential_dir) #create folder if doesnt exist
credential_path = os.path.join(credential_dir, 'cred send mail.json')
#Store the credential
store = oauth2client.file.Storage(credential_path)
credentials = store.get()
if not credentials or credentials.invalid:
CLIENT_SECRET_FILE = 'client_id to send Gmail.json'
APPLICATION_NAME = 'Gmail API Python Send Email'
#The scope URL for read/write access to a user's calendar data
SCOPES = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.send'
# Create a flow object. (it assists with OAuth 2.0 steps to get user authorization + credentials)
flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET_FILE, SCOPES)
flow.user_agent = APPLICATION_NAME
credentials = tools.run_flow(flow, store)
return credentials
## Get creds, prepare message and send it
def create_message_and_send(sender, to, subject, message_text_plain, message_text_html, attached_file):
credentials = get_credentials()
# Create an httplib2.Http object to handle our HTTP requests, and authorize it using credentials.authorize()
http = httplib2.Http()
# http is the authorized httplib2.Http()
http = credentials.authorize(http) #or: http = credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http())
service = discovery.build('gmail', 'v1', http=http)
## without attachment
# message_without_attachment = create_message_without_attachment(sender, to, subject, message_text_html, message_text_plain)
# send_Message_without_attachement(service, "me", message_without_attachment, message_text_plain)
## with attachment
message_with_attachment = create_Message_with_attachment(sender, to, subject, message_text_plain, message_text_html, attached_file)
send_Message_with_attachement(service, "me", message_with_attachment, message_text_plain,attached_file)
# def create_message_without_attachment (sender, to, subject, message_text_html, message_text_plain):
# #Create message container
# message = MIMEMultipart('alternative') # needed for both plain & HTML (the MIME type is multipart/alternative)
# message['Subject'] = subject
# message['From'] = sender
# message['To'] = to
# #Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version)
# message.attach(MIMEText(message_text_plain, 'plain'))
# message.attach(MIMEText(message_text_html, 'html'))
# raw_message_no_attachment = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_bytes())
# raw_message_no_attachment = raw_message_no_attachment.decode()
# body = {'raw': raw_message_no_attachment}
# return body
def create_Message_with_attachment(sender, to, subject, message_text_plain, message_text_html, attached_file):
"""Create a message for an email.
message_text: The text of the email message.
attached_file: The path to the file to be attached.
Returns:
An object containing a base64url encoded email object.
"""
##An email is composed of 3 part :
#part 1: create the message container using a dictionary { to, from, subject }
#part 2: attach the message_text with .attach() (could be plain and/or html)
#part 3(optional): an attachment added with .attach()
## Part 1
message = MIMEMultipart() #when alternative: no attach, but only plain_text
message['to'] = to
message['from'] = sender
message['subject'] = subject
## Part 2 (the message_text)
# The order count: the first (html) will be use for email, the second will be attached (unless you comment it)
message.attach(MIMEText(message_text_html, 'html'))
message.attach(MIMEText(message_text_plain, 'plain'))
## Part 3 (attachement)
# # to attach a text file you containing "test" you would do:
# # message.attach(MIMEText("test", 'plain'))
#-----About MimeTypes:
# It tells gmail which application it should use to read the attachement (it acts like an extension for windows).
# If you dont provide it, you just wont be able to read the attachement (eg. a text) within gmail. You'll have to download it to read it (windows will know how to read it with it's extension).
#-----3.1 get MimeType of attachment
#option 1: if you want to attach the same file just specify it’s mime types
#option 2: if you want to attach any file use mimetypes.guess_type(attached_file)
my_mimetype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(attached_file)
# If the extension is not recognized it will return: (None, None)
# If it's an .mp3, it will return: (audio/mp3, None) (None is for the encoding)
#for unrecognized extension it set my_mimetypes to 'application/octet-stream' (so it won't return None again).
if my_mimetype is None or encoding is not None:
my_mimetype = 'application/octet-stream'
main_type, sub_type = my_mimetype.split('/', 1)# split only at the first '/'
# if my_mimetype is audio/mp3: main_type=audio sub_type=mp3
#-----3.2 creating the attachement
#you don't really "attach" the file but you attach a variable that contains the "binary content" of the file you want to attach
#option 1: use MIMEBase for all my_mimetype (cf below) - this is the easiest one to understand
#option 2: use the specific MIME (ex for .mp3 = MIMEAudio) - it's a shorcut version of MIMEBase
#this part is used to tell how the file should be read and stored (r, or rb, etc.)
if main_type == 'text':
print("text")
temp = open(attached_file, 'r') # 'rb' will send this error: 'bytes' object has no attribute 'encode'
attachement = MIMEText(temp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
temp.close()
elif main_type == 'image':
print("image")
temp = open(attached_file, 'rb')
attachement = MIMEImage(temp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
temp.close()
elif main_type == 'audio':
print("audio")
temp = open(attached_file, 'rb')
attachement = MIMEAudio(temp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
temp.close()
elif main_type == 'application' and sub_type == 'pdf':
temp = open(attached_file, 'rb')
attachement = MIMEApplication(temp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
temp.close()
else:
attachement = MIMEBase(main_type, sub_type)
temp = open(attached_file, 'rb')
attachement.set_payload(temp.read())
temp.close()
#-----3.3 encode the attachment, add a header and attach it to the message
encoders.encode_base64(attachement) #https://docs.python.org/3/library/email-examples.html
filename = os.path.basename(attached_file)
attachement.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename) # name preview in email
message.attach(attachement)
## Part 4 encode the message (the message should be in bytes)
message_as_bytes = message.as_bytes() # the message should converted from string to bytes.
message_as_base64 = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message_as_bytes) #encode in base64 (printable letters coding)
raw = message_as_base64.decode() # need to JSON serializable (no idea what does it means)
return {'raw': raw}
# def send_Message_without_attachement(service, user_id, body, message_text_plain):
# try:
# message_sent = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=body).execute())
# message_id = message_sent['id']
# # print(attached_file)
# print (f'Message sent (without attachment) \n\n Message Id: {message_id}\n\n Message:\n\n {message_text_plain}')
# # return body
# except errors.HttpError as error:
# print (f'An error occurred: {error}')
def send_Message_with_attachement(service, user_id, message_with_attachment, message_text_plain, attached_file):
"""Send an email message.
Args:
service: Authorized Gmail API service instance.
user_id: User's email address. The special value "me" can be used to indicate the authenticated user.
message: Message to be sent.
Returns:
Sent Message.
"""
try:
message_sent = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=message_with_attachment).execute())
message_id = message_sent['id']
# print(attached_file)
# return message_sent
except errors.HttpError as error:
print (f'An error occurred: {error}')
def main():
to = "[email protected]"
sender = "[email protected]"
subject = "subject test1"
message_text_html = r'Hi<br/>Html <b>hello</b>'
message_text_plain = "Hi\nPlain Email"
attached_file = r'C:\Users\Me\Desktop\audio.m4a'
create_message_and_send(sender, to, subject, message_text_plain, message_text_html, attached_file)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
您可以添加日誌嗎?您可能希望通過添加「msg.set_payload(內容)」和「編碼器」來關注此報告中的[解決方案](https://github.com/google/google-api-python-client/issues/93)。 encode_base64(MSG)'。希望這有助於 –
@Rebot先生非常感謝寶貴的鏈接!我使用我對它的解釋更新了代碼(該代碼沒有發佈整個代碼,所以我沒有真正理解他的「我還需要添加下面的第二行」。代碼返回TypeError:Attach無效一個非多部分有效負載的消息' 我也不明白我是否應該添加也從工作的函數添加'raw = ....'部分(參考我的問題底部的create_message_without_attachment() – JinSnow
你會在這裏找到答案:http://stackoverflow.com/a/37267330/1486850 – JinSnow