轉換文本文件到列表

Question

我想解析文本文件的每一行，每一個類似於此：

New Mexico,Santa Fe 
Alabama,Montgomery 

我想解析每一行，讓我結束了這：

states = ['Alabama', 'Alaska', 'Arizona', 'Arkansas'] 
cities = ['Montgomery', 'Juneau', 'Phoenix', 'Little Rock'] 

文本文件的內容已經被存儲在一個函數：f.read()和被定義爲：

#module imports 
import sys 
import random 

fname = sys.argv[1] 
with open(fname, 'r') as f: 
    print(f.read()) 

Answer 1

你可以這樣說：

import sys 
states = [] 
cities = [] 
fname = sys.argv[1] 
f = open(fname, 'r') 
for line in f: 
    line = line.rstrip() # This will remove all the whitespaces at the end of the line 
    line = line.split(',') 
    states.append(line[0]) 
    cities.append(line[1]) 

print states 
print cities 
f.close() 

Answer 2

對您有幫助嗎？

>>> with open('file') as f: 
...  text = [i.strip() for i in f] 
...  
... 
>>> text 
['New Mexico,Santa Fe', 'Alabama,Montgomery'] 
>>> states = [] 
>>> cities = [] 
>>> for i in text: 
...  states.append(i.split(',')[0]) 
...  cities.append(i.split(',')[1]) 
...  
... 
>>> states 
['New Mexico', 'Alabama'] 
>>> cities 
['Santa Fe', 'Montgomery'] 
>>> 

Answer 3

首先將其轉換爲一個字典。然後一個列表是字典的keys，另一個列表是字典的values。

另外不要忘記在使用前檢查長度sys.argv。

import sys 

if len(sys.argv) < 2: 
    print('must provide filename') 
    exit() 

with open(sys.argv[1], 'r') as f: 
    d = dict(reversed(line.strip().split(',')) for line in f) 

    cities = list(d.keys()) 
    states = list(d.values()) 

print('cities = %r' % cities) 
print('states = %r' % states) 

我加入了reversed，因爲它更有意義，有城市名稱爲重點和國家名稱作爲值。