SQL動態樞軸和組導致

Question

我有一個表設置象下面這樣：

CLIENTNAME   MONTHANDYEAR  RESOURCE  COST 
abc     JAN2011   res1   1000 
abc     FEB2011   res1   2000 
def     JAN2011   res2   1500 
def     MAR2011   res1   2000 
ghi     MAR2011   res3   2500

我需要的輸出像的下方。幾個月將在3個月的時間間隔內動態生成。在這種情況下，有沒有辦法通過MONTHANDYEAR以及按客戶端名稱進行分組？

RESOURCE CLIENTNAME  JAN2011  FEB2011  MAR2011 
res1  abc   1000   1000 
res1  def          2000 
res2  def   1500 
res3  ghi          2500 

Answer 1

這是PIVOT運算符是什麼：

SELECT 
    Resource, ClientName, 
    [JAN2011], [FEB2011], [MAR2011] 
FROM 
    (
    SELECT 
    * 
    FROM tblname 
) AS SourceTable 
PIVOT 
    (
    SUM(COST) 
    FOR MONTHANDYEAR IN ([JAN2011], [FEB2011], [MAR2011]) 
) AS PivotTable; 

由於您的使用@startDate作爲基準月動態選擇月份，則可以使用以下動態查詢：

DECLARE @startDate datetime 
SET @startDate = '2011-01-01' 

DECLARE @sql varchar(MAX) 
SET @sql = 'SELECT 
     Resource, ClientName, [' + 
      REPLACE(SUBSTRING(CONVERT(varchar, @startDate, 13), 4, 8), ' ', '') + '], [' + 
      REPLACE(SUBSTRING(CONVERT(varchar, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, @startDate), 13), 4, 8), ' ', '') + '], [' + 
      REPLACE(SUBSTRING(CONVERT(varchar, DATEADD(MONTH, 2, @startDate), 13), 4, 8), ' ', '') + '] 
     FROM 
      (
      SELECT 
      * 
      FROM tblName 
     ) AS SourceTable 
     PIVOT 
      (
      SUM(COST) 
      FOR MONTHANDYEAR IN (' + 
        QUOTENAME(REPLACE(SUBSTRING(CONVERT(varchar, @startDate, 13), 4, 8), ' ', '')) + ', ' + 
        QUOTENAME(REPLACE(SUBSTRING(CONVERT(varchar, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, @startDate), 13), 4, 8), ' ', '')) + ', ' + 
        QUOTENAME(REPLACE(SUBSTRING(CONVERT(varchar, DATEADD(MONTH, 2, @startDate), 13), 4, 8), ' ', '')) + ') 
     ) AS PivotTable' 

execute(@sql) 

工作sqlfiddle here

Answer 2

SELECT Resource, Clientname 
, SUM(CASE WHEN MonthAndYear = 'JAN2011' THEN COST ELSE 0 END) AS JAN2011 
, SUM(CASE WHEN MonthAndYear = 'FEB2011' THEN COST ELSE 0 END) AS FEB2011 
, SUM(CASE WHEN MonthAndYear = 'MAR2011' THEN COST ELSE 0 END) AS MAR2011 
FROM yourtable 
GROUP BY Resource, Clientname 

您也可以刪除ELSE 0返回資源/ CLIENTNAME組合一個NULL值沒有數據

Answer 3

這個數據轉換可以與PIVOT函數來完成。

如果你知道的值，那麼你可以硬編碼的monthandyear日期：

select resource, 
    clientname, 
    isnull(jan2011, '') Jan2011, 
    isnull(feb2011, '') Feb2011, 
    isnull(mar2011, '') Mar2011 
from 
(
    select clientname, monthandyear, resource, cost 
    from yourtable 
) src 
pivot 
(
    sum(cost) 
    for monthandyear in (Jan2011, Feb2011, Mar2011) 
) piv; 

見SQL Fiddle with Demo。

但是，如果日期是未知的，那麼你就需要使用動態SQL：

​​

見SQL Fiddle with Demo。

共同作用的結果是：

| RESOURCE | CLIENTNAME | JAN2011 | FEB2011 | MAR2011 | 
------------------------------------------------------- 
|  res1 |  abc | 1000 | 2000 |  0 | 
|  res1 |  def |  0 |  0 | 2000 | 
|  res2 |  def | 1500 |  0 |  0 | 
|  res3 |  ghi |  0 |  0 | 2500 |