20
A
回答
10
在GNOME桌面，你通常會做此用的gconf，無論是直接調用gconftool或使用的gconf Python模塊。後者是由unutbu給出的鏈接。第一種方法可以像這樣完成。
import commands
command = "gconftool-2 --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename --type string '/path/to/file.jpg'"
status, output = commands.getstatusoutput(command) # status=0 if success
+0
對於Ubuntu 11.04，這似乎不再有效。 gconf設置會更改，但背景不會刷新到新圖像。 – hobs
+0
我正在使用11.04，並且我剛剛編寫了一個腳本，它可以循環顯示文件夾中的圖像，並使用此代碼段。爲我工作得很好。但是，我使用os.system（command） – MikeVaughan
2
在windows上，你需要一些技巧與pywin32和the windows API，'linux'上的答案將取決於哪個桌面正在運行 - KDE，Gnome或更奇特的東西。在KDE（也可能是Gnome）下，您可以使用D-Bus發送消息，您可以通過使用命令行工具dbus-send在不包括任何新庫的情況下發送消息。
另一種選擇是設置桌面壁紙一個文件，你再編輯/蟒蛇代替 - 但這可能只會導致變化時
32
用戶登錄在Windows上使用python2。 5或更高版本，請使用ctypes加載user32.dll並使用SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER操作調用SystemParametersInfo()。
例如：
import ctypes
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, "image.jpg" , 0)
+1
+1 ctypes比pywin32更可取 – James
+2
似乎無法與.jpg一起使用，使用.bmp tho（在xp上） – Noelkd
+2
我成功在win上使用jpg 7 – CrazyPenguin
6
在GNOME中，它可能是最好使用Python直接的gconf的結合：
import gconf
conf = gconf.client_get_default()
conf.set_string('/desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename','/path/to/filename.jpg')
2
首先，進口：它可以讓你訪問Windows組件，如屏保，壁紙等。
然後調用ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(a,b,c,d)：
a = 20
b = 0
c =圖像的COMPLETE路徑。 Not just the path from the active directory
d = 0
9
我用下面的方法在我最初的項目之一：
def set_wallpaper(self,file_loc, first_run):
# Note: There are two common Linux desktop environments where
# I have not been able to set the desktop background from
# command line: KDE, Enlightenment
desktop_env = self.get_desktop_environment()
try:
if desktop_env in ["gnome", "unity", "cinnamon"]:
uri = "'file://%s'" % file_loc
try:
SCHEMA = "org.gnome.desktop.background"
KEY = "picture-uri"
gsettings = Gio.Settings.new(SCHEMA)
gsettings.set_string(KEY, uri)
except:
args = ["gsettings", "set", "org.gnome.desktop.background", "picture-uri", uri]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="mate":
try: # MATE >= 1.6
# info from http://wiki.mate-desktop.org/docs:gsettings
args = ["gsettings", "set", "org.mate.background", "picture-filename", "'%s'" % file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
except: # MATE < 1.6
# From https://bugs.launchpad.net/variety/+bug/1033918
args = ["mateconftool-2","-t","string","--set","/desktop/mate/background/picture_filename",'"%s"' %file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="gnome2": # Not tested
# From https://bugs.launchpad.net/variety/+bug/1033918
args = ["gconftool-2","-t","string","--set","/desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename", '"%s"' %file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
## KDE4 is difficult
## see http://blog.zx2c4.com/699 for a solution that might work
elif desktop_env in ["kde3", "trinity"]:
# From http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-803417.html
args = 'dcop kdesktop KBackgroundIface setWallpaper 0 "%s" 6' % file_loc
subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
elif desktop_env=="xfce4":
#From http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/2055/change-wallpaper-for-xfce4-4.6.0
if first_run:
args0 = ["xfconf-query", "-c", "xfce4-desktop", "-p", "/backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-path", "-s", file_loc]
args1 = ["xfconf-query", "-c", "xfce4-desktop", "-p", "/backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-style", "-s", "3"]
args2 = ["xfconf-query", "-c", "xfce4-desktop", "-p", "/backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-show", "-s", "true"]
subprocess.Popen(args0)
subprocess.Popen(args1)
subprocess.Popen(args2)
args = ["xfdesktop","--reload"]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="razor-qt": #TODO: implement reload of desktop when possible
if first_run:
desktop_conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
# Development version
desktop_conf_file = os.path.join(self.get_config_dir("razor"),"desktop.conf")
if os.path.isfile(desktop_conf_file):
config_option = r"screens\1\desktops\1\wallpaper"
else:
desktop_conf_file = os.path.join(self.get_home_dir(),".razor/desktop.conf")
config_option = r"desktops\1\wallpaper"
desktop_conf.read(os.path.join(desktop_conf_file))
try:
if desktop_conf.has_option("razor",config_option): #only replacing a value
desktop_conf.set("razor",config_option,file_loc)
with codecs.open(desktop_conf_file, "w", encoding="utf-8", errors="replace") as f:
desktop_conf.write(f)
except:
pass
else:
#TODO: reload desktop when possible
pass
elif desktop_env in ["fluxbox","jwm","openbox","afterstep"]:
#http://fluxbox-wiki.org/index.php/Howto_set_the_background
# used fbsetbg on jwm too since I am too lazy to edit the XML configuration
# now where fbsetbg does the job excellent anyway.
# and I have not figured out how else it can be set on Openbox and AfterSTep
# but fbsetbg works excellent here too.
try:
args = ["fbsetbg", file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
except:
sys.stderr.write("ERROR: Failed to set wallpaper with fbsetbg!\n")
sys.stderr.write("Please make sre that You have fbsetbg installed.\n")
elif desktop_env=="icewm":
# command found at http://urukrama.wordpress.com/2007/12/05/desktop-backgrounds-in-window-managers/
args = ["icewmbg", file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="blackbox":
# command found at http://blackboxwm.sourceforge.net/BlackboxDocumentation/BlackboxBackground
args = ["bsetbg", "-full", file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="lxde":
args = "pcmanfm --set-wallpaper %s --wallpaper-mode=scaled" % file_loc
subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
elif desktop_env=="windowmaker":
# From http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/3857/set-wallpaper-on-windowmaker-in-one-line
args = "wmsetbg -s -u %s" % file_loc
subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
## NOT TESTED BELOW - don't want to mess things up ##
#elif desktop_env=="enlightenment": # I have not been able to make it work on e17. On e16 it would have been something in this direction
# args = "enlightenment_remote -desktop-bg-add 0 0 0 0 %s" % file_loc
# subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
#elif desktop_env=="windows": #Not tested since I do not run this on Windows
# #From https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1977694/change-desktop-background
# import ctypes
# SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
# ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, file_loc , 0)
#elif desktop_env=="mac": #Not tested since I do not have a mac
# #From https://stackoverflow.com/questions/431205/how-can-i-programatically-change-the-background-in-mac-os-x
# try:
# from appscript import app, mactypes
# app('Finder').desktop_picture.set(mactypes.File(file_loc))
# except ImportError:
# #import subprocess
# SCRIPT = """/usr/bin/osascript<<END
# tell application "Finder" to
# set desktop picture to POSIX file "%s"
# end tell
# END"""
# subprocess.Popen(SCRIPT%file_loc, shell=True)
else:
if first_run: #don't spam the user with the same message over and over again
sys.stderr.write("Warning: Failed to set wallpaper. Your desktop environment is not supported.")
sys.stderr.write("You can try manually to set Your wallpaper to %s" % file_loc)
return False
return True
except:
sys.stderr.write("ERROR: Failed to set wallpaper. There might be a bug.\n")
return False
def get_config_dir(self, app_name=APP_NAME):
if "XDG_CONFIG_HOME" in os.environ:
confighome = os.environ['XDG_CONFIG_HOME']
elif "APPDATA" in os.environ: # On Windows
confighome = os.environ['APPDATA']
else:
try:
from xdg import BaseDirectory
confighome = BaseDirectory.xdg_config_home
except ImportError: # Most likely a Linux/Unix system anyway
confighome = os.path.join(self.get_home_dir(),".config")
configdir = os.path.join(confighome,app_name)
return configdir
def get_home_dir(self):
if sys.platform == "cygwin":
home_dir = os.getenv('HOME')
else:
home_dir = os.getenv('USERPROFILE') or os.getenv('HOME')
if home_dir is not None:
return os.path.normpath(home_dir)
else:
raise KeyError("Neither USERPROFILE or HOME environment variables set.")
的get_desktop_environment方法已經公佈。
+1
執行命令，而不是'get_home_dir（）'函數，你可以使用'os.path.expanduser（'〜'）' –
1
更改桌面
import ctypes
import os
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, 'your image path', 3)
#'C:\\Users\\Public\\Pictures\\abc.jpg'
的背景圖像，它爲我工作得很好。 windows10，python27
2
如果你在64位或32位操作系統上運行，根據什麼調用SystemParametersInfo方法是有區別的。對於64位，你必須使用SystemParametersInfoW（統一）和32位SystemParametersInfoA（ANSI）
import struct
import ctypes
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
WALLPAPER_PATH = 'C:\\your_file_name.jpg'
def is_64_windows():
"""Find out how many bits is OS. """
return struct.calcsize('P') * 8 == 64
def get_sys_parameters_info():
"""Based on if this is 32bit or 64bit returns correct version of SystemParametersInfo function. """
return ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW if is_64_windows() \
else ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA
def change_wallpaper():
sys_parameters_info = get_sys_parameters_info()
r = sys_parameters_info(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, WALLPAPER_PATH, 3)
# When the SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER flag is used,
# SystemParametersInfo returns TRUE
# unless there is an error (like when the specified file doesn't exist).
if not r:
print(ctypes.WinError())
change_wallpaper()
+1
這是無稽之談。 ASCII或Unicode的選擇與您運行的是32位還是64位Windows完全無關。 （您必須在16位Windows和Windows 95/98/ME上使用ASCII，但Windows NT始終支持Unicode，包括32位和64位版本。） –
+0
@HarryJohnston那麼您如何解釋'SystemParametersInfoA'不適用於Windows 10 64位？ – Johnny
+1
@Johnny，我剛剛嘗試過，它對我來說非常好。這是來自C，請注意，所以它仍然是可能的，即某些與Python相關的奇怪事情在某種程度上取決於操作系統的位置，儘管這似乎不太可能。查看ctypes文檔，它*應該*僅取決於您是使用Python 2還是使用Python 3. –
6
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對於你的問題的Linux的一半，（假設一個GNOME桌面環境），你可能想看看http://oracle.bridgewayconsulting.com.au/~danni/misc/ change-background-py.html – unutbu
任何人都知道如何在KDE中做到這一點？ – TheInitializer