VIM更換一個模式

Question

<created> 
    pat@c.com 
    </created> 

我要替換以上，但用戶名可能會有所不同，即，拍拍@ c.com，哈利@ c.com ...

 <created> 
     tom@c.com 
    </created> 

什麼命令在vim替換該

 %s/<created>\r*\r</created>/new string 

Answer 1

這取決於你想要的格式，但你引用具體的例子，你可以做下列操作之一：

真的簡單，無需上下文：與tom@c.com

:%s/pat@c\.com/tom@c.com/g 

取代pat@c.com隨着上下文

:%s:<created>\s*\n\s*\zs.\{-}\ze@c\.com\s*\n\s*</created>:tom 

作爲解釋：

:%s:XXX:YYY - Substitute XXX with YYY over the whole file (using colons as delimiters to avoid having to escape slashes or @s with a backslash) 

where XXX is: 
<created> - literal text to search for 
\s*  - soak up any spaces or tabs to the end of the line 
\n  - a new line character 
\s*  - soak up any spaces or tabs at the start of the line 
\zs  - special code that says "the match starts here", so only the bit between this and the \ze are actually replaced 
.\{-}  - catch any characters, as few as possible - this will match 'pat' in the example above 
\ze  - end of the bit we're changing 
@c  - literal text - the @ and the start of the domain name 
\.  - '.' means any character, so to match a literal dot, you must escape it 
com  - literal text - the end of the email address 
\s*  - any spaces/tabs to the end of the line 
\n  - a new line character 
\s*  - any spaces/tabs 
</created> - literal match on the terminator (works because we don't use '/' as the delimiters) 

and YYY is just the literal string "tom" to insert 

另一種形成：

:%s:<created>\_s*\zs\S\+\ze\_s*</created>:tom@c.com 

:%s:XXX:YYY: - as before 

where XXX is: 

<created> - literal text to search for 
\_s*  - search for zero or more white-space characters, including new-lines (hence the underscore) 
\zs  - as before, this is the start of the bit we want to replace (so we're not changing the <created> bit) 
\S\+  - one or more non-whitespace characters (\+ is one or more, * is zero or more) - this should catch the whole email address 
\ze  - as before, the end of the match 
\_s*  - zero or more white-space characters 
</created> - the end delimiter 

YYY is then the whole email address. 

我希望臨時噸給你一些有用的信息。正則表達式上的正則表達式有很多有用的參考指南（這些就是這些指南）（儘管請注意Vim使用的格式與大多數不同：\+而不是+等）。我強烈推薦閱讀：

:help pattern.txt 

但請記住，那裏有很多，所以請逐步閱讀並試驗。您也可以先使用簡單的搜索（按/）並考慮稍後進行替換，例如，類型：

/<created>\_s*\zs\S\+\ze\_s*<\/created> 

請注意，我用一個反斜槓前綴/作爲檢索開始是/。一個聰明的技巧是:s默認使用最後一次搜索，所以你可以輸入上面的行（/<created>\_s*\zs\S\+\ze\_s*<\/created>）並調整它直到它是正確的，然後只是做:%s::tom@c.com並且由於上面標記爲XXX的位缺失，它將使用你最後的搜索，只是工作！

如果上面有任何位不理解，:help是你的朋友。例如，要了解\zs，類型：

:help \zs 

的信息有關\_s，類型：

:help \_s 

的一般信息有關:s類型：

:help :s 

等..