如何每秒都有一次WPF綁定更新？

Question

我想顯示用戶自發生某些事件以來經過了多少秒。從概念上講，我認爲模型具有這樣的特性：

public DateTime OccurredAtUtc { get; set; } 

public int SecondsSinceOccurrence 
{ 
    get { return (int)(DateTime.UtcNow - OccurredAtUtc).TotalSeconds; } 
} 

如果我一個TextBlock.Text屬性綁定到SecondsSinceOccurrence，則該值卻是靜態的。時間的流逝並不能反映出這個事件的年齡增加。

<!-- static value won't update as time passes --> 
<TextBlock Text="{Binding SecondsSinceOccurrence}" /> 

我可以創建在我的視圖模型一個計時器，觸發PropertyChanged每一秒，但也有可能是在UI很多這樣的元素（它是一個在ItemsControl的項目模板），我不想創造許多定時器。

我的故事板動畫知識不是很好。在這種情況下，WPF動畫框架可以提供幫助嗎？

Answer 1

有一個定時器來定期觸發PropertyChanged事件是一種方法。但是，如果ContentControl中有大量物品，並且您要更新的物品位於該ContentControl的ItemTemplate中，則意味着不必要地創建了100多個定時器，並讓它們同時全部升起。但是，在ItemsControl（如ListBox）中使用時，仍然會爲每個項目創建此行爲。

由於這個原因，我創建了這種行爲，只會在您的模板中爲每個 綁定創建一次。它也是純粹的MVVM。

使用

<Label xmlns:b="clr-namespace:Lloyd.Shared.Behaviors" 
     xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity" 
     Content="{Binding MyContent}" Width="80" Foreground="{Binding MyColor}"> 
    <i:Interaction.Behaviors> 
     <b:PeriodicBindingUpdateBehavior Interval="0:00:01" Property="{x:Static ContentControl.ContentProperty}" Mode="UpdateTarget" /> 
     <b:PeriodicBindingUpdateBehavior Interval="0:00:01" Property="{x:Static Control.ForegroundProperty}" Mode="UpdateTarget" /> 
    </i:Interaction.Behaviors> 
</Label> 

依賴

注意http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity命名空間是可用的NuGet包叫做System.Windows.Interactivity.WPF下。如果您打開混合項目，它也會自動添加。

複製和粘貼代碼

using System; 
using System.Threading; 
using System.Threading.Tasks; 
using System.Windows; 
using System.Windows.Data; 
using System.Windows.Interactivity; 

namespace Lloyd.Shared.Behaviors 
{ 
    public class PeriodicBindingUpdateBehavior : Behavior<DependencyObject> 
    { 
     public TimeSpan Interval { get; set; } 
     public DependencyProperty Property { get; set; } 
     public PeriodicBindingUpdateMode Mode { get; set; } = PeriodicBindingUpdateMode.UpdateTarget; 
     private WeakTimer timer; 
     private TimerCallback timerCallback; 
     protected override void OnAttached() 
     { 
      if (Interval == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Interval)); 
      if (Property == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Property)); 
      //Save a reference to the callback of the timer so this object will keep the timer alive but not vice versa. 
      timerCallback = s => 
      { 
       try 
       { 
        switch (Mode) 
        { 
         case PeriodicBindingUpdateMode.UpdateTarget: 
          Dispatcher.Invoke(() => BindingOperations.GetBindingExpression(AssociatedObject, Property)?.UpdateTarget()); 
          break; 
         case PeriodicBindingUpdateMode.UpdateSource: 
          Dispatcher.Invoke(() => BindingOperations.GetBindingExpression(AssociatedObject, Property)?.UpdateSource()); 
          break; 
        } 
       } 
       catch (TaskCanceledException) { }//This exception will be thrown when application is shutting down. 
      }; 
      timer = new WeakTimer(timerCallback, null, Interval, Interval); 

      base.OnAttached(); 
     } 

     protected override void OnDetaching() 
     { 
      timer.Dispose(); 
      timerCallback = null; 
      base.OnDetaching(); 
     } 
    } 

    public enum PeriodicBindingUpdateMode 
    { 
     UpdateTarget, UpdateSource 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Wraps up a <see cref="System.Threading.Timer"/> with only a <see cref="WeakReference"/> to the callback so that the timer does not prevent GC from collecting the object that uses this timer. 
    /// Your object must hold a reference to the callback passed into this timer. 
    /// </summary> 
    public class WeakTimer : IDisposable 
    { 
     private Timer timer; 
     private WeakReference<TimerCallback> weakCallback; 
     public WeakTimer(TimerCallback callback) 
     { 
      timer = new Timer(OnTimerCallback); 
      weakCallback = new WeakReference<TimerCallback>(callback); 
     } 

     public WeakTimer(TimerCallback callback, object state, int dueTime, int period) 
     { 
      timer = new Timer(OnTimerCallback, state, dueTime, period); 
      weakCallback = new WeakReference<TimerCallback>(callback); 
     } 

     public WeakTimer(TimerCallback callback, object state, TimeSpan dueTime, TimeSpan period) 
     { 
      timer = new Timer(OnTimerCallback, state, dueTime, period); 
      weakCallback = new WeakReference<TimerCallback>(callback); 
     } 

     public WeakTimer(TimerCallback callback, object state, uint dueTime, uint period) 
     { 
      timer = new Timer(OnTimerCallback, state, dueTime, period); 
      weakCallback = new WeakReference<TimerCallback>(callback); 
     } 

     public WeakTimer(TimerCallback callback, object state, long dueTime, long period) 
     { 
      timer = new Timer(OnTimerCallback, state, dueTime, period); 
      weakCallback = new WeakReference<TimerCallback>(callback); 
     } 

     private void OnTimerCallback(object state) 
     { 
      if (weakCallback.TryGetTarget(out TimerCallback callback)) 
       callback(state); 
      else 
       timer.Dispose(); 
     } 

     public bool Change(int dueTime, int period) 
     { 
      return timer.Change(dueTime, period); 
     } 
     public bool Change(TimeSpan dueTime, TimeSpan period) 
     { 
      return timer.Change(dueTime, period); 
     } 

     public bool Change(uint dueTime, uint period) 
     { 
      return timer.Change(dueTime, period); 
     } 

     public bool Change(long dueTime, long period) 
     { 
      return timer.Change(dueTime, period); 
     } 

     public bool Dispose(WaitHandle notifyObject) 
     { 
      return timer.Dispose(notifyObject); 
     } 
     public void Dispose() 
     { 
      timer.Dispose(); 
     } 
    } 
} 

Answer 2

您可以爲您的視圖模型靜態創建一個單獨的DispatcherTimer，然後讓該視圖模型的所有實例都監聽Tick事件。

public class YourViewModel 
{ 
    private static readonly DispatcherTimer _timer; 

    static YourViewModel() 
    { 
     //create and configure timer here to tick every second 
    } 

    public YourViewModel() 
    { 
     _timer.Tick += (s, e) => OnPropertyChanged("SecondsSinceOccurence"); 
    } 
}