摘要模板靜態資源的servlet
部分基於this blog從2007年，下面是一個servlet其妥善緩存，ETag，If-None-Match和If-Modified-Since交易的現代化和高度可重用的抽象模板（但沒有gzip和範圍支持;只是爲了保持簡單; Gzip可以通過過濾器或通過容器配置完成）。
public abstract class StaticResourceServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private static final long ONE_SECOND_IN_MILLIS = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(1);
private static final String ETAG_HEADER = "W/\"%s-%s\"";
private static final String CONTENT_DISPOSITION_HEADER = "inline;filename=\"%1$s\"; filename*=UTF-8''%1$s";
public static final long DEFAULT_EXPIRE_TIME_IN_MILLIS = TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(30);
public static final int DEFAULT_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 102400;
@Override
protected void doHead(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException ,IOException {
doRequest(request, response, true);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doRequest(request, response, false);
}
private void doRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, boolean head) throws IOException {
response.reset();
StaticResource resource;
try {
resource = getStaticResource(request);
}
catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST);
return;
}
if (resource == null) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
return;
}
String fileName = URLEncoder.encode(resource.getFileName(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
boolean notModified = setCacheHeaders(request, response, fileName, resource.getLastModified());
if (notModified) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
return;
}
setContentHeaders(response, fileName, resource.getContentLength());
if (head) {
return;
}
writeContent(response, resource);
}
/**
* Returns the static resource associated with the given HTTP servlet request. This returns <code>null</code> when
* the resource does actually not exist. The servlet will then return a HTTP 404 error.
* @param request The involved HTTP servlet request.
* @return The static resource associated with the given HTTP servlet request.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException When the request is mangled in such way that it's not recognizable as a valid
* static resource request. The servlet will then return a HTTP 400 error.
*/
protected abstract StaticResource getStaticResource(HttpServletRequest request) throws IllegalArgumentException;
private boolean setCacheHeaders(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, long lastModified) {
String eTag = String.format(ETAG_HEADER, fileName, lastModified);
response.setHeader("ETag", eTag);
response.setDateHeader("Last-Modified", lastModified);
response.setDateHeader("Expires", System.currentTimeMillis() + DEFAULT_EXPIRE_TIME_IN_MILLIS);
return notModified(request, eTag, lastModified);
}
private boolean notModified(HttpServletRequest request, String eTag, long lastModified) {
String ifNoneMatch = request.getHeader("If-None-Match");
if (ifNoneMatch != null) {
String[] matches = ifNoneMatch.split("\\s*,\\s*");
Arrays.sort(matches);
return (Arrays.binarySearch(matches, eTag) > -1 || Arrays.binarySearch(matches, "*") > -1);
}
else {
long ifModifiedSince = request.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since");
return (ifModifiedSince + ONE_SECOND_IN_MILLIS > lastModified); // That second is because the header is in seconds, not millis.
}
}
private void setContentHeaders(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, long contentLength) {
response.setHeader("Content-Type", getServletContext().getMimeType(fileName));
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", String.format(CONTENT_DISPOSITION_HEADER, fileName));
if (contentLength != -1) {
response.setHeader("Content-Length", String.valueOf(contentLength));
}
}
private void writeContent(HttpServletResponse response, StaticResource resource) throws IOException {
try (
ReadableByteChannel inputChannel = Channels.newChannel(resource.getInputStream());
WritableByteChannel outputChannel = Channels.newChannel(response.getOutputStream());
) {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(DEFAULT_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE);
long size = 0;
while (inputChannel.read(buffer) != -1) {
buffer.flip();
size += outputChannel.write(buffer);
buffer.clear();
}
if (resource.getContentLength() == -1 && !response.isCommitted()) {
response.setHeader("Content-Length", String.valueOf(size));
}
}
}
}
與下面的接口一起使用，表示靜態資源。
interface StaticResource {
/**
* Returns the file name of the resource. This must be unique across all static resources. If any, the file
* extension will be used to determine the content type being set. If the container doesn't recognize the
* extension, then you can always register it as <code><mime-type></code> in <code>web.xml</code>.
* @return The file name of the resource.
*/
public String getFileName();
/**
* Returns the last modified timestamp of the resource in milliseconds.
* @return The last modified timestamp of the resource in milliseconds.
*/
public long getLastModified();
/**
* Returns the content length of the resource. This returns <code>-1</code> if the content length is unknown.
* In that case, the container will automatically switch to chunked encoding if the response is already
* committed after streaming. The file download progress may be unknown.
* @return The content length of the resource.
*/
public long getContentLength();
/**
* Returns the input stream with the content of the resource. This method will be called only once by the
* servlet, and only when the resource actually needs to be streamed, so lazy loading is not necessary.
* @return The input stream with the content of the resource.
* @throws IOException When something fails at I/O level.
*/
public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException;
}
所有你需要的就是從給定的抽象的servlet擴展和實現根據的Javadoc的getStaticResource()方法。
具體的例子，從文件系統服務：
下面是它通過從本地磁盤文件系統，如/files/foo.ext的網址會成爲一個具體的例子：
@WebServlet("/files/*")
public class FileSystemResourceServlet extends StaticResourceServlet {
private File folder;
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
folder = new File("/path/to/the/folder");
}
@Override
protected StaticResource getStaticResource(HttpServletRequest request) throws IllegalArgumentException {
String pathInfo = request.getPathInfo();
if (pathInfo == null || pathInfo.isEmpty() || "/".equals(pathInfo)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
String name = URLDecoder.decode(pathInfo.substring(1), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
final File file = new File(folder, name);
return !file.exists() ? null : new StaticResource() {
@Override
public long getLastModified() {
return file.lastModified();
}
@Override
public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
return new FileInputStream(file);
}
@Override
public String getFileName() {
return file.getName();
}
@Override
public long getContentLength() {
return file.length();
}
};
}
}
具體的例子從數據庫服務：
下面是一個具體的例子，它通過一個類似於/files/foo.ext的URL通過一個EJB服務調用從數據庫中提供服務，該服務調用返回具有byte[] content屬性的實體：
@WebServlet("/files/*")
public class YourEntityResourceServlet extends StaticResourceServlet {
@EJB
private YourEntityService yourEntityService;
@Override
protected StaticResource getStaticResource(HttpServletRequest request) throws IllegalArgumentException {
String pathInfo = request.getPathInfo();
if (pathInfo == null || pathInfo.isEmpty() || "/".equals(pathInfo)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
String name = URLDecoder.decode(pathInfo.substring(1), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
final YourEntity yourEntity = yourEntityService.getByName(name);
return (yourEntity == null) ? null : new StaticResource() {
@Override
public long getLastModified() {
return yourEntity.getLastModified();
}
@Override
public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
return new ByteArrayInputStream(yourEntityService.getContentById(yourEntity.getId()));
}
@Override
public String getFileName() {
return yourEntity.getName();
}
@Override
public long getContentLength() {
return yourEntity.getContentLength();
}
};
}
}
您能詳細說明您想使用的「網址結構」嗎？基於鏈接的例子4-10，自己滾動，看起來像是一個小小的努力。我自己做了很多次... – 2008-09-25 09:12:43
我編輯了我的問題來詳細說明URL結構。是的，我結束了自己的servlet。請參閱下面的答案。 – 2008-09-25 12:17:20
爲什麼你不使用靜態內容的網絡服務器？ – Stephen 2008-10-02 19:10:09