用自定義消息替換錯誤

Question

我的程序是關於圖像處理的，它在運行時詢問用戶是否打開圖像。但是，如果用戶關閉窗口而不選擇任何圖像，我得到以下錯誤：

Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "<string>", line 420, in run_nodebug 
    File "E:\Projet Complet\Test 2.py", line 255, in <module> 
    Ima1=Image.open(a) 
    File "C:\EduPython\App\lib\site-packages\PIL\Image.py", line 2317, in open 
    fp = io.BytesIO(fp.read()) 
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'read' 

我想在打開的消息框中像"You didn't choose any image"自定義消息來替換錯誤。我知道如何打開消息框，但我不知道如何用它替換錯誤消息。 我試着這樣做：

​​

但它給我上面的錯誤。 下面是完整的代碼：

from tkinter import* 
import tkinter as Tkinter 
from tkinter import filedialog, DISABLED, messagebox as tkMessageBox 
import os 
import ntpath 
from PIL import Image, ImageTk, ImageFilter 
import PIL 
from collections import Counter 
from random import randint 
import random 
import PIL.ImageOps 


def EchelleDeGris(): 
    Ima2=Image.new("RGB",(z[0],z[1])) 
    px=Ima1.load() 
    px1=Ima2.load() 
    for x in range(z[0]): 
     for y in range(z[1]): 
      p=px[x,y] 
      if type(p)==int: 
       p=(p,p,p) 
      o=int((p[0]+p[1]+p[2])/3) 
      px1[x,y]=(o,o,o) 
    Ima2.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png") 
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png") 
    main.image = im2 
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2) 
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4) 

def SupprimerImage(): 
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=imt) 
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4) 

def Luminosite(): 
    Ima2=Image.new("RGB",(z[0],z[1])) 
    px=Ima1.load() 
    px1=Ima2.load() 
    for x in range(z[0]): 
     for y in range(z[1]): 
      p=px[x,y] 
      if type(p)==int: 
       p=(p,p,p) 
      px1[x,y]=(p[0]+S1.get(),p[1]+S1.get(),p[2]+S1.get()) 
    Ima2.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png") 
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png") 
    main.image = im2 
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2) 
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4) 

def AnnulerModifications(): 
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im1) 
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4) 

def get_pixel(pixels, x, y): 
    try: 
     return pixels[x, y] 
    except IndexError: 
     return None 


def get_neighbors(pixels, x, y): 
    neighbors = list() 
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x, y - 1)) 
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x, y + 1)) 
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x - 1, y)) 
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x + 1, y)) 
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x - 1, y - 1)) 
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x - 1, y + 1)) 
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x + 1, y - 1)) 
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x + 1, y + 1)) 
    return neighbors 


def filter_art(pixels, size): 
    indexes = dict() 
    for x in range(size[0]): 
     for y in range(size[1]): 
      color = get_pixel(pixels, x, y) 
      neighbors = get_neighbors(pixels, x, y) 
      new_color = Counter(neighbors).most_common()[0][0] 
      if new_color is not None: 
       indexes[x, y] = new_color 
    for x, y in indexes: 
     pixels[x, y] = indexes[x, y] 


def pop_art(path_orig, path_mod, coef): 

    s=[] 
    for i in range(9): 

     r=(randint(0,255), randint(0,255), randint(0,255)) 
     g=(randint(0,255), randint(0,255), randint(0,255)) 
     b=(randint(0,255), randint(0,255), randint(0,255)) 

     image_orig = Image.open(path_orig) 
     size = image_orig.size 
     image_mod = Image.new("RGB",(size[0],size[1])) 
     pixels_orig = image_orig.load() 
     pixels_mod = image_mod.load() 
     for x in range(size[0]): 
      for y in range(size[1]): 
       p = pixels_orig[x, y] 
       if isinstance(p, int): 
        rgb = (p,p,p) 
       elif isinstance(p, tuple) and len(p) in (3, 4): 
        rgb = p[:3] 
       else: 
        raise TypeError('Unknown pallete') 
       average_color = sum(rgb)/3 
       if average_color <= 85: 
        pixels_mod[x, y] = r 
       elif 85 < average_color <= 170: 
        pixels_mod[x, y] = g 
       elif average_color > 170: 
        pixels_mod[x, y] = b 
     for _ in range(coef): 
      filter_art(pixels_mod, size) 
     image_mod.save(''+dir_path+'\\PopArt\\Modified Images\\result'+str(i)+'.png') 
     Img=[None]*9 
    for i in range(9): 
     Img[i]=Image.open(""+dir_path+"\\PopArt\\Modified Images\\result"+str(i)+".png") 
     basewidth = int(Img[i].size[1]/3) 
     wpercent = (basewidth/float(Img[i].size[0])) 
     hsize = int((float(Img[i].size[1]) * float(wpercent))) 
     Img[i] = Img[i].resize((basewidth , hsize), PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS) 
     Img[i].save(''+dir_path+'\\PopArt\\Resized Images\\resized_image'+str(i)+'.png') 


    Img1=[None]*9 
    pixels1=[None]*9 
    Imaz=Image.new("RGB",(basewidth*3,hsize*3)) 
    pixels=Imaz.load() 
    for i in range(9): 
     Img1[i]=Image.open(''+dir_path+'\\PopArt\\Resized Images\\resized_image'+str(i)+'.png') 
     pixels1[i]=Img1[i].load() 


    for x in range(0,basewidth): 
     for y in range(0,hsize): 
      pixels[x,y]=pixels1[0][x,y] 
     for y in range(hsize,hsize*2): 
      pixels[x,y]=pixels1[1][x,y-hsize] 
     for y in range(hsize*2,hsize*3): 
      pixels[x,y]=pixels1[2][x,y-hsize*2] 

    for x in range(basewidth,basewidth*2): 
     for y in range(0,hsize): 
      pixels[x,y]=pixels1[3][x-basewidth,y] 
     for y in range(hsize,hsize*2): 
      pixels[x,y]=pixels1[4][x-basewidth,y-hsize] 
     for y in range(hsize*2,hsize*3): 
      pixels[x,y]=pixels1[5][x-basewidth,y-hsize*2] 

    for x in range(basewidth*2,basewidth*3): 
     for y in range(0,hsize): 
      pixels[x,y]=pixels1[6][x-basewidth*2,y] 
     for y in range(hsize,hsize*2): 
      pixels[x,y]=pixels1[7][x-basewidth*2,y-hsize] 
     for y in range(hsize*2,hsize*3): 
      pixels[x,y]=pixels1[8][x-basewidth*2,y-hsize*2] 
    Imaz = Imaz.resize((size[0] , size[1]), PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS) 
    Imaz.save(""+dir_path+"\\PopArt\\Result Image\\result.png") 


def usepop(): 
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\traitement.png") 
    main.image = im2 
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2) 
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4) 
    I2.update_idletasks() 
    pop_art(a, None, coef=4) 
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\PopArt\\Result Image\\result.png") 
    main.image = im2 
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2) 
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4) 

def change_contrast(level): 

    img = Image.open(a) 
    img.load() 

    factor = (259 * (level+255))/(255 * (259-level)) 
    for x in range(img.size[0]): 
     for y in range(img.size[1]): 
      color = img.getpixel((x, y)) 
      if type(color) == int: 
       color=(color,color,color) 
       new_color = tuple(int(factor * (c-128) + 128) for c in color) 
       new_color = new_color[0] 
       img.putpixel((x, y), new_color) 
      elif type(color) != int: 
       new_color = tuple(int(factor * (c-128) + 128) for c in color) 
       img.putpixel((x, y), new_color) 
    return img 

def use_contrast(): 
    result = change_contrast(S2.get()) 
    result.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png") 
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png") 
    main.image = im2 
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2) 
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4) 

def recherche_contours(): 
    Ima2=Image.new("RGB",(z[0],z[1])) 
    px=Ima1.load() 
    px1=Ima2.load() 
    for x in range(z[0]): 
     for y in range(z[1]): 
      p=px[x,y] 
      if type(p)==int: 
       p=(p,p,p) 
      o=int((p[0]+p[1]+p[2])/3) 
      px1[x,y]=(o,o,o) 
    Ima2 = Ima2.filter(ImageFilter.FIND_EDGES) 
    image = Ima2 
    if image.mode == 'RGBA': 
     r,g,b,a = image.split() 
     rgb_image = Image.merge('RGB', (r,g,b)) 

     inverted_image = PIL.ImageOps.invert(rgb_image) 

     r2,g2,b2 = inverted_image.split() 

     final_transparent_image = Image.merge('RGBA', (r2,g2,b2,a)) 

     final_transparent_image.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png") 

    else: 
     inverted_image = PIL.ImageOps.invert(image) 
     inverted_image.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png") 
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png") 
    main.image = im2 
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2) 
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4) 

main=Tk() 

main.withdraw() 
try: 
    a = filedialog.askopenfilename() 
    main.deiconify() 
except AttributeError: 
    tkMessageBox.showinfo("Resolution Error", "The image is too big, please select a smaller one.") 
    sys.exit() 


dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath("Test2.py")) 

main.configure(background="#a1dbcd") 
main.title("Photoshop Version.Megzari") 
try: 
    Ima1=Image.open(a) 
    z=Ima1.size 
    nux=Image.new("RGB",(z[0],z[1])) 
    nuxy=nux.load() 
    for x in range(z[0]): 
     for y in range(z[1]): 
      nuxy[x,y]=(255,255,255) 
    nux.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\Blank.png") 


    main.withdraw() 
    a = filedialog.askopenfilename() 
except AttributeError: 
    tkMessageBox.showinfo("Image Error", "You didn't choose any image.") 
    sys.exit() 
main.deiconify() 

if z>(400,400): 
    main.withdraw() 
    tkMessageBox.showinfo("Resolution Error", "The image is too big, please select a smaller one.") 
    sys.exit() 

elif z<(400,400): 
    im1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=a) 
    I1 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im1) 
    I1.grid(row=0, column=1, columnspan =3) 
    imt = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\Blank.png") 
    T1 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=imt) 
    T1.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4) 
    B1 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Echelle de gris", command = EchelleDeGris, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39", state=NORMAL) 
    B1.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=0) 
    B3 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Appliquer Luminosité", command = Luminosite, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39") 
    B3.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=1) 
    S1 = Scale(main, from_=0, to=254, orient=HORIZONTAL, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39", length = 200) 
    S1.grid(row=2, column=1) 
    B2 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Supprimer Image", command = SupprimerImage, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39") 
    B2.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=7) 
    B3 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Annuler Modifications", command = AnnulerModifications, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39") 
    B3.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=6) 
    B4 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Pop Art", command = usepop, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39") 
    B4.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=3) 
    S2 = Scale(main, from_=-258, to=258, orient=HORIZONTAL, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39", length = 200) 
    S2.grid(row=2, column=4) 
    B4 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Appliquer Contraste", command = use_contrast, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39") 
    B4.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=4) 
    B5 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Trouver Contours", command = recherche_contours, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39") 
    B5.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=5) 

    s=S1.get() 
    s2=S2.get() 




main.mainloop() 

EDIT1： 我申請從@Juan T上的答案，它沒有顯示消息，但它不會關閉，即使我發起sys.exit()

窗口

EDIT2： 我找到如何解決這一切我所要做的就是sys.exit()

EDIT3前添加main.destroy()： 現在，當我運行代碼，我塞萊圖像，它會再次提示我圖像。我希望它提示一次。

編輯4：我解決了它，問題是我有一箇舊的代碼隱藏在代碼中，導致問題，現在一切都好了。

Answer 1

它可以工作，如果你以前把try。因此，而不是：

Ima1=Image.open(a) 
z=Ima1.size 
... 
nux.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\Blank.png") 


main.withdraw() 
try: 
    a = filedialog.askopenfilename() 
except AttributeError: 
    tkMessageBox.showinfo("Image Error", "You didn't choose any image.") 
    sys.exit() 
main.deiconify() 

考慮：

try: 
    Ima1=Image.open(a) 
    z=Ima1.size 
    ... 
    nux.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\Blank.png") 

    main.withdraw() 

    a = filedialog.askopenfilename() 
except AttributeError: 
    tkMessageBox.showinfo("Image Error", "You didn't choose any image.") 
    sys.exit() 
main.deiconify()