MySQL選擇優化幫助？

Question

這是我在其中一個網站上經常使用的SELECT查詢的一個廣泛示例。我們的主機緩慢加載頁面時間的問題非常嚴重，所以我正在盡我所能優化網站使用的每一段代碼。談到MySQL我不是專家，所以我希望你們中的一些人可能會有幫助。這裏是我試圖優化多一點查詢 -

Select ID, Col1, Col2, Col3, Col4, Col5, Col6, Col7, Col8, Col9, Col10, Col11, Col12, Col13, Col14, Col15 From table_1 
Where Active = '1' And Col2 LIKE '%Cat%' And Col3 <> 'blah' And Col3 <> 'blah1' And Col3 <> 'blah2' And Col3 <> 'blah3' And Col3 <> 'blah4' And Col3 <> 'blah5' And Col3 <> 'blah6' 
And ID Not In (Select t2ID From table_2 Where table_2.t2ID = table_1.ID And table_2.Col1 = '1' And table_2.Col2 = '1') 
And ID Not In (Select t3ID From table_3 Where table_3.t3ID = table_1.ID And table_3.Col1 = '1') 
And ID Not In (Select t4ID From table_4 Where table_4.t4ID = table_1.ID And table_4.Col1 = '1') 

基本上它檢查1臺（TABLE_1）和拉那場比賽，在TABLE_2，TABLE_3和TABLE_4未找到的所有行。我相信除了多個子選擇之外，還有一種更有效的方法來完成此操作。任何幫助是極大的讚賞！在此先感謝:)

更新：基本上我很想知道的是，有沒有比在查詢中的多個子選擇更快？我確信有一種方法可以從一個表中獲取不在多個其他表中存在的結果，這比子選擇效率高得多......表之間唯一的共同點是來自table_1的ID是與其他3個表中的另一列完全相同（這是我目前使用子選擇檢查它的原因）。不幸的是，我只是不知道更有效的方法來做這個查詢是...迄今爲止感謝大家的輸入！

表格佈局

mysql> show create table campaigns\G 
*************************** 1. row *************************** 
Table: campaigns 
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `campaigns` ( 
`ID` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, 
`CreatedOn` datetime NOT NULL, 
`AddedBy` varchar(75) default NULL, 
`pCampaignName` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`CampaignName` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`CampaignValue` decimal(65,2) default '0.00', 
`CampaignPayout` decimal(65,2) NOT NULL default '0.00', 
`CampaignT` double NOT NULL default '0', 
`CampaignSD` double NOT NULL default '0', 
`ReportingTime` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`CampaignExpiration` varchar(100) default NULL, 
`DurationType` varchar(100) default NULL, 
`Countries` varchar(100) default NULL, 
`CampaignDescription` longtext, 
`CampaignRequirements` longtext, 
`CampaignType` varchar(50) default NULL, 
`CampaignID` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`BannerImageWidth` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', 
`BannerImageHeight` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', 
`BannerImageURL` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`BannerImageAlternateText` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`DisplayBanner` int(1) NOT NULL default '0', 
`CampaignCode` longtext, 
`CampaignURL` longtext, 
`CampaignActive` int(1) NOT NULL default '0', 
`Status` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`Affiliate` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`NewOfferEmailSent` int(1) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', 
`NumberApproved` double(65,2) NOT NULL default '0.00', 
`NumberLeads` double NOT NULL default '0', 
`ThumbsUp` double NOT NULL default '0', 
`ThumbsDown` double NOT NULL default '0', 
`CampaignPoints` double NOT NULL default '0', 
`UserRatingUp` double NOT NULL default '0', 
`UserRatingDown` double NOT NULL default '0', 
PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) 
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1608 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 
1 row in set (0.09 sec) 

mysql> show indexes from campaigns\G 
*************************** 1. row *************************** 
Table: campaigns 
Non_unique: 0 
Key_name: PRIMARY 
Seq_in_index: 1 
Column_name: ID 
Collation: A 
Cardinality: 1596 
Sub_part: NULL 
Packed: NULL 
Null: 
Index_type: BTREE 
Comment: 
1 row in set (0.10 sec) 

mysql> 
mysql> show create table acampaigns\G 
*************************** 1. row *************************** 
Table: acampaigns 
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `acampaigns` ( 
`ID` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, 
`CreatedOn` datetime NOT NULL, 
`CampaignName` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`CampaignRequirements` longtext, 
`CampaignURL` longtext, 
`CampaignValue` decimal(65,2) NOT NULL, 
`CampaignPayout` decimal(65,2) NOT NULL, 
`CampaignReferralCommissionTier1` decimal(65,2) NOT NULL default '0.20', 
`CampaignReferralCommissionTier2` decimal(65,2) NOT NULL default '0.10', 
`CampaignT` double NOT NULL default '0', 
`CampaignSD` double NOT NULL default '0', 
`CampaignType` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`CampaignID` varchar(100) default NULL, 
`CampaignExpiration` varchar(100) default NULL, 
`CampaignReturnStatus` varchar(100) default NULL, 
`CampaignStatus` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`pCampaignID` int(11) NOT NULL, 
`pCampaignName` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`pUserID` int(11) NOT NULL, 
`pUsername` varchar(75) default NULL, 
`pUserIPAddress` varchar(30) default NULL, 
`ApprovedOn` datetime NOT NULL, 
`MarkedDone` int(1) NOT NULL default '0', 
`Notes` longtext, 
`PaidOn` datetime default NULL, 
`cBonus` decimal(65,2) NOT NULL default '0.00', 
`ReversedReason` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`CampaignPoints` double NOT NULL default '0', 
`Affiliate` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`RC1Paid` int(1) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', 
`RC2Paid` int(1) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', 
PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) 
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=10996 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 
1 row in set (0.44 sec) 

mysql> show indexes from acampaigns\G 
*************************** 1. row *************************** 
Table: acampaigns 
Non_unique: 0 
Key_name: PRIMARY 
Seq_in_index: 1 
Column_name: ID 
Collation: A 
Cardinality: 8936 
Sub_part: NULL 
Packed: NULL 
Null: 
Index_type: BTREE 
Comment: 
1 row in set (0.09 sec) 

mysql> 
mysql> show create table bcampaigns\G 
*************************** 1. row *************************** 
Table: bcampaigns 
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `bcampaigns` ( 
`ID` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, 
`CreatedOn` datetime NOT NULL, 
`pCampaignID` int(11) NOT NULL, 
`ReportedByUserID` int(11) NOT NULL, 
`Status` varchar(255) default NULL, 
`Notes` longtext, 
PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) 
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=375 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 
1 row in set (0.08 sec) 

mysql> show indexes from bcampaigns\G 
*************************** 1. row *************************** 
Table: bcampaigns 
Non_unique: 0 
Key_name: PRIMARY 
Seq_in_index: 1 
Column_name: ID 
Collation: A 
Cardinality: 0 
Sub_part: NULL 
Packed: NULL 
Null: 
Index_type: BTREE 
Comment: 
1 row in set (0.08 sec) 

mysql> 
mysql> show create table icampaigns\G 
*************************** 1. row *************************** 
Table: icampaigns 
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `icampaigns` ( 
`ID` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, 
`CreatedOn` datetime NOT NULL, 
`pCampaignID` int(11) default NULL, 
`IgnoredByUserID` int(11) default NULL, 
PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) 
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=567 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 
1 row in set (0.09 sec) 

mysql> show indexes from icampaigns\G 
*************************** 1. row *************************** 
Table: icampaigns 
Non_unique: 0 
Key_name: PRIMARY 
Seq_in_index: 1 
Column_name: ID 
Collation: A 
Cardinality: 532 
Sub_part: NULL 
Packed: NULL 
Null: 
Index_type: BTREE 
Comment: 
1 row in set (0.40 sec) 

mysql> 
mysql> explain Select ID, CreatedOn, pCampaignName, 
CampaignName, CampaignRequirements, CampaignURL, Countries, 
CampaignPayout, CampaignPoints, CampaignT, CampaignSD, CampaignType, 
ReportingTime, NumberApproved, NumberLeads 
From campaigns 
-> Where CampaignActive = '1' And CampaignType LIKE 'Cat%' 
And CampaignType <> 'DS' And CampaignType <> 'CC' And CampaignType <> 'PC' 
And CampaignType <> 'PC2' And CampaignType <> 'GCC' And CampaignType <> 'G' 
And CampaignType <> 'R' 
-> And ID Not In (Select pCampaignID From acampaigns 
Where campaigns.ID = acampaigns.pCampaignID And MarkedDone = '1' And campaigns.pUserID = '1') 
-> And ID Not In (Select pCampaignID From bcampaigns 
Where bcampaigns.pCampaignID = campaigns.ID And bcampaigns.ReportedByUserID = '1') 
-> And ID Not In (Select pCampaignID From icampaigns 
Where icampaigns.pCampaignID = campaigns.ID And icampaigns.IgnoredByUserID = '1') 

Answer 1

你有沒有試圖解釋你的查詢。如果您不熟悉EXPLAIN，它將生成一個報告，顯示查詢的執行方式，特別是使用哪些索引，並可能顯示索引是期望的但不存在的位置。

我也發現在過去，NOT IN有時可能會非常慢。也許重寫NOT IN作爲NOT EXISTS可能會加快速度。

NOT EXISTS (SELECT * 
       FROM table_3 
       WHERE table_3.t3ID = table_1.ID AND 
         table_3.Col1 = '1') 

Answer 2

IDFMA

請郵寄以下腳本的結果，所以我們可以詳細分析您的查詢。如果你也可以pastebin結果，比如說http://pastie.org/，那也會很棒。

感謝

show create table table_1\G 
show indexes from table_1\G 

show create table table_2\G 
show indexes from table_2\G 

show create table table_3\G 
show indexes from table_3\G 

show create table table_4\G 
show indexes from table_4\G 

explain 
Select 
ID, Col1, Col2, Col3, Col4, Col5, Col6, Col7, 
Col8, Col9, Col10, Col11, Col12, Col13, Col14, Col15 
From 
table_1 
Where 
Active = '1' And 
Col2 LIKE '%Cat%' And Col3 <> 'blah' And Col3 <> 'blah1' And Col3 <> 'blah2' And Col3 <> 'blah3' And 
Col3 <> 'blah4' And Col3 <> 'blah5' And Col3 <> 'blah6' And 
ID Not In (Select t2ID From table_2 Where table_2.t2ID = table_1.ID And table_2.Col1 = '1' And table_2.Col2 = '1') And 
ID Not In (Select t3ID From table_3 Where table_3.t3ID = table_1.ID And table_3.Col1 = '1') And 
ID Not In (Select t4ID From table_4 Where table_4.t4ID = table_1.ID And table_4.Col1 = '1'); 

Answer 3

您可以分割該單個查詢爲多個獨立的步驟，並使用臨時表放在一個單一的存儲過程。這將使它更具可讀性，並可能運行得更快......