在__iter __（）中使用yield的優點是什麼？

Question

在__iter__()函數中使用發生器（yield）的優點是什麼？通過閱讀Python指南我明白「如果你想讓一個發生器向用戶公開額外的狀態，不要忘記，你可以很容易地將它作爲一個類來實現它，把發生器的功能代碼放在__iter__()方法中。」

import io 

class playyield: 
    def __init__(self,fp): 
     self.completefp = fp 

    def __iter__(self): 
     for line in self.completefp: 
      if 'python' in line: 
       yield line 

if __name__ =='__main__': 
    with io.open(r'K:\Data\somefile.txt','r') as fp: 
     playyieldobj = playyield(fp) 
     for i in playyieldobj: 
      print I 

問題：

1. 是什麼額外的狀態意味着在這裏？
2. 在__iter__()中使用yield而不是使用yield的單獨函數有什麼好處？

Answer 1

沒有發電機的功能，你就必須實現這樣的事情，如果你要遵循最佳做法：

In [7]: class IterableContainer: 
    ...:  def __init__(self, data=(1,2,3,4,5)): 
    ...:   self.data = data 
    ...:  def __iter__(self): 
    ...:   return IterableContainerIterator(self.data) 
    ...: 

In [8]: class IterableContainerIterator: 
    ...:  def __init__(self, data): 
    ...:   self.data = data 
    ...:   self._pos = 0 
    ...:  def __iter__(self): 
    ...:   return self 
    ...:  def __next__(self): 
    ...:   try: 
    ...:    item = self.data[self._pos] 
    ...:   except IndexError: 
    ...:    raise StopIteration 
    ...:   self._pos += 1 
    ...:   return item 
    ...: 

In [9]: container = IterableContainer() 

In [10]: for x in container: 
    ...:  print(x) 
    ...: 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

當然，上面的例子是人爲的，但希望你明白了吧。隨着發電機組，這可能僅僅是：

In [11]: class IterableContainer: 
    ...:  def __init__(self, data=(1,2,3,4,5)): 
    ...:   self.data = data 
    ...:  def __iter__(self): 
    ...:   for x in self.data: 
    ...:    yield x 
    ...: 
    ...: 

In [12]: list(IterableContainer()) 
Out[12]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] 

至於狀態，那麼，它的正是 - 對象可以有狀態，例如屬性。您可以在運行時操縱該狀態。您可以做類似以下，雖然，我會說這是極不妥當：

In [19]: class IterableContainerIterator: 
    ...:  def __init__(self, data): 
    ...:   self.data = data 
    ...:   self._pos = 0 
    ...:  def __iter__(self): 
    ...:   return self 
    ...:  def __next__(self): 
    ...:   try: 
    ...:    item = self.data[self._pos] 
    ...:   except IndexError: 
    ...:    raise StopIteration 
    ...:   self._pos += 1 
    ...:   return item 
    ...:  def rewind(self): 
    ...:   self._pos = min(0, self._pos - 1) 
    ...: 

In [20]: class IterableContainer: 
    ...:  def __init__(self, data=(1,2,3,4,5)): 
    ...:   self.data = data 
    ...:  def __iter__(self): 
    ...:   return IterableContainerIterator(self.data) 
    ...: 

In [21]: container = IterableContainer() 

In [22]: it = iter(container) 

In [23]: next(it) 
Out[23]: 1 

In [24]: next(it) 
Out[24]: 2 

In [25]: it.rewind() 

In [26]: next(it) 
Out[26]: 1 

In [27]: next(it) 
Out[27]: 2 

In [28]: next(it) 
Out[28]: 3 

In [29]: next(it) 
Out[29]: 4 

In [30]: next(it) 
Out[30]: 5 

In [31]: it.rewind() 

In [32]: next(it) 
Out[32]: 1