RegExp替換嵌套結構中的匹配括號

Question

如果第一個左括號後面跟着關鍵字array，如何替換一組匹配的開啓/關閉括號？正則表達式可以幫助解決這類問題嗎？

爲了更具體，我想解決這個使用JavaScript或PHP

// input 
$data = array(
    'id' => nextId(), 
    'profile' => array(
     'name' => 'Hugo Hurley', 
     'numbers' => (4 + 8 + 15 + 16 + 23 + 42)/108 
    ) 
); 

// desired output 
$data = [ 
    'id' => nextId(), 
    'profile' => [ 
     'name' => 'Hugo Hurley', 
     'numbers' => (4 + 8 + 15 + 16 + 23 + 42)/108 
    ] 
]; 

Answer 1

Tim Pietzcker給出了Dot-Net計數版本。
它與下面的PCRE（php）版本具有相同的元素。

所有的注意事項都是一樣的。特別是，非數組括號必須
應平衡，因爲它們使用與分隔符相同的右括號。

所有文本都必須解析（或應該）。
外組1，2，3，4讓你得到部分
內容
CORE-1 array()
CORE-2的任何()
例外

每場比賽讓你的這些外的事情之一併相互排斥。

訣竅是定義一個解析CORE的php 函數parse(core)。
該函數的內部是while (regex.search(core) { .. }循環。

每次任一CORE-1或2的基團匹配，調用函數parse(core)傳遞
該芯的組的內容到它。

而在循環內部，只需取下內容並將其分配給散列。

明顯地，應該使用構造來替換調用(?&content)的組1構造以獲得像變量數據那樣的散列。

在詳細的範圍內，這可能非常乏味。
通常情況下，你必須考慮每一個字符才能正確地解析整個事物。

(?is)(?:((?&content))|(?>\barray\s*\()((?=.)(?&core)|)\)|\(((?=.)(?&core)|)\)|(\barray\s*\(|[()]))(?(DEFINE)(?<core>(?>(?&content)|(?>\barray\s*\()(?:(?=.)(?&core)|)\)|\((?:(?=.)(?&core)|)\))+)(?<content>(?>(?!\barray\s*\(|[()]).)+)) 

的擴展性

# 1: CONTENT 
# 2: CORE-1 
# 3: CORE-2 
# 4: EXCEPTIONS 

(?is) 

(?: 
     (         # (1), Take off CONTENT 
      (?&content) 
    ) 
    |         # OR ----------------------------- 
     (?>        # Start 'array(' 
      \b array \s* \(
    ) 
     (         # (2), Take off 'array(CORE-1)' 
      (?= .) 
      (?&core) 
     | 
    ) 
     \)         # End ')' 
    |         # OR ----------------------------- 
     \(        # Start '(' 
     (         # (3), Take off '(any CORE-2)' 
      (?= .) 
      (?&core) 
     | 
    ) 
     \)         # End ')' 
    |         # OR ----------------------------- 
     (         # (4), Take off Unbalanced or Exceptions 
      \b array \s* \(
     | [()] 
    ) 
) 

# Subroutines 
# --------------- 

(?(DEFINE) 

     # core 
     (?<core> 
      (?> 
       (?&content) 
      | 
       (?> \b array \s* \() 
       # recurse core of array() 
       (?: 
        (?= .) 
        (?&core) 
        | 
       ) 
       \) 
      | 
       \(
       # recurse core of any () 
       (?: 
        (?= .) 
        (?&core) 
        | 
       ) 
       \) 
      )+ 
    ) 

     # content 
     (?<content> 
      (?> 
       (?! 
        \b array \s* \(
        | [()] 
       ) 
       . 
      )+ 
    ) 
) 

輸出

** Grp 0   - (pos 0 , len 11) 
some_var = 
** Grp 1   - (pos 0 , len 11) 
some_var = 
** Grp 2   - NULL 
** Grp 3   - NULL 
** Grp 4 [core] - NULL 
** Grp 5 [content] - NULL 

----------------------- 

** Grp 0   - (pos 11 , len 153) 
array(
    'id' => nextId(), 
    'profile' => array(
     'name' => 'Hugo Hurley', 
     'numbers' => (4 + 8 + 15 + 16 + 23 + 42)/108 
    ) 
) 
** Grp 1   - NULL 
** Grp 2   - (pos 17 , len 146) 

    'id' => nextId(), 
    'profile' => array(
     'name' => 'Hugo Hurley', 
     'numbers' => (4 + 8 + 15 + 16 + 23 + 42)/108 
    ) 

** Grp 3   - NULL 
** Grp 4 [core] - NULL 
** Grp 5 [content] - NULL 

------------------------------------- 

** Grp 0   - (pos 164 , len 3) 
; 

** Grp 1   - (pos 164 , len 3) 
; 

** Grp 2   - NULL 
** Grp 3   - NULL 
** Grp 4 [core] - NULL 
** Grp 5 [content] - NULL 

別的東西前世，讓使用的想法

# Perl code: 
# 
#  use strict; 
#  use warnings; 
#  
#  use Data::Dumper; 
#  
#  $/ = undef; 
#  my $content = <DATA>; 
#  
#  # Set the error mode on/off here .. 
#  my $BailOnError = 1; 
#  my $IsError = 0; 
#  
#  my $href = {}; 
#  
#  ParseCore($href, $content); 
#  
#  #print Dumper($href); 
#  
#  print "\n\n"; 
#  print "\nBase======================\n"; 
#  print $href->{content}; 
#  print "\nFirst======================\n"; 
#  print $href->{first}->{content}; 
#  print "\nSecond======================\n"; 
#  print $href->{first}->{second}->{content}; 
#  print "\nThird======================\n"; 
#  print $href->{first}->{second}->{third}->{content}; 
#  print "\nFourth======================\n"; 
#  print $href->{first}->{second}->{third}->{fourth}->{content}; 
#  print "\nFifth======================\n"; 
#  print $href->{first}->{second}->{third}->{fourth}->{fifth}->{content}; 
#  print "\nSix======================\n"; 
#  print $href->{six}->{content}; 
#  print "\nSeven======================\n"; 
#  print $href->{six}->{seven}->{content}; 
#  print "\nEight======================\n"; 
#  print $href->{six}->{seven}->{eight}->{content}; 
#  
#  exit; 
#  
#  
#  sub ParseCore 
#  { 
#   my ($aref, $core) = @_; 
#   my ($k, $v); 
#   while ($core =~ /(?is)(?:((?&content))|(?><!--block:(.*?)-->)((?&core)|)<!--endblock-->|(<!--(?:block:.*?|endblock)-->))(?(DEFINE)(?<core>(?>(?&content)|(?><!--block:.*?-->)(?:(?&core)|)<!--endblock-->)+)(?<content>(?>(?!<!--(?:block:.*?|endblock)-->).)+))/g) 
#   { 
#   if (defined $1) 
#   { 
#    # CONTENT 
#    $aref->{content} .= $1; 
#   } 
#   elsif (defined $2) 
#   { 
#    # CORE 
#    $k = $2; $v = $3; 
#    $aref->{$k} = {}; 
#  #   $aref->{$k}->{content} = $v; 
#  #   $aref->{$k}->{match} = $&; 
#     
#    my $curraref = $aref->{$k}; 
#    my $ret = ParseCore($aref->{$k}, $v); 
#    if ($BailOnError && $IsError) { 
#     last; 
#    } 
#    if (defined $ret) { 
#     $curraref->{'#next'} = $ret; 
#    } 
#   } 
#   else 
#   { 
#    # ERRORS 
#    print "Unbalanced '$4' at position = ", $-[0]; 
#    $IsError = 1; 
#  
#    # Decide to continue here .. 
#    # If BailOnError is set, just unwind recursion. 
#    # ------------------------------------------------- 
#    if ($BailOnError) { 
#     last; 
#    } 
#   } 
#   } 
#   return $k; 
#  } 
#  
#  #================================================ 
#  __DATA__ 
#  some html content here top base 
#  <!--block:first--> 
#   <table border="1" style="color:red;"> 
#   <tr class="lines"> 
#    <td align="left" valign="<--valign-->"> 
#   <b>bold</b><a href="http://www.mewsoft.com">mewsoft</a> 
#   <!--hello--> <--again--><!--world--> 
#   some html content here 1 top 
#   <!--block:second--> 
#    some html content here 2 top 
#    <!--block:third--> 
#     some html content here 3 top 
#     <!--block:fourth--> 
#      some html content here 4 top 
#      <!--block:fifth--> 
#       some html content here 5a 
#       some html content here 5b 
#      <!--endblock--> 
#     <!--endblock--> 
#     some html content here 3a 
#     some html content here 3b 
#    <!--endblock--> 
#    some html content here 2 bottom 
#   <!--endblock--> 
#   some html content here 1 bottom 
#  <!--endblock--> 
#  some html content here1-5 bottom base 
#  
#  some html content here 6-8 top base 
#  <!--block:six--> 
#   some html content here 6 top 
#   <!--block:seven--> 
#    some html content here 7 top 
#    <!--block:eight--> 
#     some html content here 8a 
#     some html content here 8b 
#    <!--endblock--> 
#    some html content here 7 bottom 
#   <!--endblock--> 
#   some html content here 6 bottom 
#  <!--endblock--> 
#  some html content here 6-8 bottom base 
# 
# Output >> 
# 
#  Base====================== 
#  some html content here top base 
#  
#  some html content here1-5 bottom base 
#  
#  some html content here 6-8 top base 
#  
#  some html content here 6-8 bottom base 
#  
#  First====================== 
#  
#   <table border="1" style="color:red;"> 
#   <tr class="lines"> 
#    <td align="left" valign="<--valign-->"> 
#   <b>bold</b><a href="http://www.mewsoft.com">mewsoft</a> 
#   <!--hello--> <--again--><!--world--> 
#   some html content here 1 top 
#   
#   some html content here 1 bottom 
#  
#  Second====================== 
#  
#    some html content here 2 top 
#    
#    some html content here 2 bottom 
#   
#  Third====================== 
#  
#     some html content here 3 top 
#     
#     some html content here 3a 
#     some html content here 3b 
#    
#  Fourth====================== 
#  
#      some html content here 4 top 
#      
#     
#  Fifth====================== 
#  
#       some html content here 5a 
#       some html content here 5b 
#      
#  Six====================== 
#  
#   some html content here 6 top 
#   
#   some html content here 6 bottom 
#  
#  Seven====================== 
#  
#    some html content here 7 top 
#    
#    some html content here 7 bottom 
#   
#  Eight====================== 
#  
#     some html content here 8a 
#     some html content here 8b 
#   

Answer 2

如何以下（使用.NET正則表達式引擎）：

resultString = Regex.Replace(subjectString, 
    @"\barray\(   # Match 'array(' 
    (      # Capture in group 1: 
    (?>     # Start a possessive group: 
     (?:     # Either match 
     (?!\barray\(|[()]) # only if we're not before another array or parens 
     .     # any character 
    )+     # once or more 
    |      # or 
     \((?<Depth>)  # match '(' (and increase the nesting counter) 
    |      # or 
     \) (?<-Depth>)  # match ')' (and decrease the nesting counter). 
    )*     # Repeat as needed. 
    (?(Depth)(?!))  # Assert that the nesting counter is at zero. 
    )      # End of capturing group. 
    \)      # Then match ')'.", 
    "[$1]", RegexOptions.IgnorePatternWhitespace | RegexOptions.Singleline); 

這個正則表達式匹配array(...)其中...可能包含除了另一個array(...)之外的任何東西（因此它只匹配最深嵌套的事件）。它確實允許...中的其他嵌套（和正確平衡的）圓括號，但是如果它們是語義圓括號，或者它們包含在字符串或註釋中，則不會執行任何檢查。

換句話說，像

array(
    'name' => 'Hugo (((Hurley', 
    'numbers' => (4 + 8 + 15 + 16 + 23 + 42)/108 
) 

將無法​​匹配（正確）。

您需要迭代應用該正則表達式，直到它不再修改其輸入 - 在您的示例中，兩次迭代就足夠了。