如何限制正則表達式的findall（）方法

Question

是否有與findall方法相關的BeautifulSoup limit=X參數的正則表達式？我的意思是，如何找到有問題的第一個X字，然後中斷代碼執行？謝謝

Answer 1

您可以使用re.finditer，因爲它返回一個迭代器而不是一次生成的所有值：

In [21]: strs="12345678" 

In [22]: it=re.finditer("\d",strs) 

In [23]: [next(it).group(0) for _ in xrange(4)] #returns only 4 mathces 
Out[23]: ['1', '2', '3', '4'] 

雖然這可能會引發StopIteration錯誤時的限制比匹配的數量更大。一個簡單的解決方法是使用異常處理或使用itertools.isclice：

In [26]: def limiter(strs,pattern,limit): 
    it=re.finditer(pattern,strs) 
    try: 
     for _ in xrange(limit): 
      yield next(it).group(0) 
    except StopIteration:   
     pass 
    ....:  

In [27]: list(limiter("12345","\d",3)) 
Out[27]: ['1', '2', '3'] 

In [28]: list(limiter("12345","\d",6)) 
Out[28]: ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5'] 

In [29]: list(limiter("12345","\d",10)) 
Out[29]: ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5'] 

幫助上re.finditer：

In [24]: re.finditer? 
Type:  function 
String Form:<function finditer at 0xb74114c4> 
File:  /usr/lib/python2.7/re.py 
Definition: re.finditer(pattern, string, flags=0) 
Docstring: 
Return an iterator over all non-overlapping matches in the 
string. For each match, the iterator returns a match object. 

Empty matches are included in the result. 

Answer 2

使用re.finditer和itertools.islice：

from itertools import islice 
import re 

limit = 2 

for x in islice(re.finditer(r'\d+', '1 2 33'), limit): 
    print(x.group()) 

作爲一個功能：

def findall_limiter(pattern, string, flags=0): 
    return islice(re.finditer(pattern, string, flags), limit) 

例如。

for match in findall_limiter(r'\d+', '1 2 33', 2): 
    # do stuff