21
最終結果是我想要在我的操作系統10.7.3上安裝Ruby on Rails，但有各種問題。無法構建寶石原生擴展
此外，我從App Store有一個新安裝的XCode 4.3。
當我火了終端，然後輸入：
sudo gem install rails
，並將其寫入了：
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing rails:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb
mkmf.rb can't find header files for ruby at /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/lib/ruby/ruby.h
Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/json-1.6.5 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/json-1.6.5/ext/json/ext/parser/gem_make.out
在所有我發現了修復的說，安裝了XCode，我有並運行得很好。但是，我沒有卸載以前版本的XCode來安裝最新版本，所以我想知道是否有任何關係。
編輯1： 我遵循Jasdeep建議並安裝了RVM。但是，一旦我運行：
sudo rvm install 1.9.3
我得到如下：
Fetching yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /Users/xxx/.rvm/archives
Extracting yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /Users/xxx/.rvm/src
Configuring yaml in /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.
Error running ' ./configure --prefix="/Users/xxx/.rvm/usr" ', please read /Users/xxx/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p0/yaml/configure.log
Compiling yaml in /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.
Error running 'make ', please read /Users/xxx/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p0/yaml/make.log
Database file /Users/xxx/.rvm/config/packages does not exist.
gcc-4.2: error trying to exec '/usr/bin/i686-apple-darwin11-gcc-4.2.1': execvp: No such file or directory
Installing Ruby from source to: /Users/xxx/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)...
ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #fetching
ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #downloading ruby-1.9.3-p0, this may take a while depending on your connection...
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 9330k 100 9330k 0 0 645k 0 0:00:14 0:00:14 --:--:-- 1260k
ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #extracting ruby-1.9.3-p0 to /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p0
ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #extracted to /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p0
ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #configuring
Error running ' ./configure --prefix=/Users/xxx/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0 --enable-shared --disable-install-doc --with-libyaml --with-opt-dir=/Users/xxx/.rvm/usr ', please read /Users/xxx/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p0/configure.log
There has been an error while running configure. Halting the installation.
於是我擡頭一看是什麼在日誌文件中，..ruby-1.9.3-P0/YAML /配置。日誌：
[2012-03-03 22:49:50] ./configure --prefix="/Users/xxx/.rvm/usr"
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... config/install-sh -c -d
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... no
checking for nawk... no
checking for awk... awk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... no
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
所以現在出現的錯誤是：
no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
編輯2：
我遵循亞光的說明，並能夠得到命令行工具安裝後（因爲我現在有Xcode 4.3）進一步得到。不過，我仍然得到一個錯誤：
Fetching yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /Users/xxx/.rvm/archives
Extracting yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /Users/xxx/.rvm/src
Configuring yaml in /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.
Compiling yaml in /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.
Installing yaml to /Users/xxx/.rvm/usr
gcc-4.2: error trying to exec '/usr/bin/i686-apple-darwin11-gcc-4.2.1': execvp: No such file or directory
Installing Ruby from source to: /Users/xxx/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)...
ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #fetching
ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #extracted to /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p0 (already extracted)
ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #configuring
Error running ' ./configure --prefix=/Users/xxx/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0 --enable-shared --disable-install-doc --with-libyaml --with-opt-dir=/Users/xxx/.rvm/usr ', please read /Users/xxx/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p0/configure.log
There has been an error while running configure. Halting the installation.
下面是configure.log（對不起這個職位越來越那麼長，但希望它可以幫助別人太）：
[2012-03-04 09:29:35] ./configure --prefix="/Users/xxx/.rvm/usr"
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... config/install-sh -c -d
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... no
checking for nawk... no
checking for awk... awk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... (cached) yes
checking build system type... x86_64-apple-darwin11.3.0
checking host system type... x86_64-apple-darwin11.3.0
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /usr/bin/sed
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking for fgrep... /usr/bin/grep -F
checking for ld used by gcc... /usr/llvm-gcc-4.2/libexec/gcc/i686-apple-darwin11/4.2.1/ld
checking if the linker (/usr/llvm-gcc-4.2/libexec/gcc/i686-apple-darwin11/4.2.1/ld) is GNU ld... no
checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm
checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm) interface... BSD nm
checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 196608
checking whether the shell understands some XSI constructs... yes
checking whether the shell understands "+="... yes
checking for /usr/llvm-gcc-4.2/libexec/gcc/i686-apple-darwin11/4.2.1/ld option to reload object files... -r
checking for objdump... no
checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all
checking for ar... ar
checking for strip... strip
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm output from gcc object... ok
checking for dsymutil... dsymutil
checking for nmedit... nmedit
checking for lipo... lipo
checking for otool... otool
checking for otool64... no
checking for -single_module linker flag... yes
checking for -exported_symbols_list linker flag... yes
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking for dlfcn.h... yes
checking for objdir... .libs
checking if gcc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no
checking for gcc option to produce PIC... -fno-common -DPIC
checking if gcc PIC flag -fno-common -DPIC works... yes
checking if gcc static flag -static works... no
checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... yes
checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes
checking whether the gcc linker (/usr/llvm-gcc-4.2/libexec/gcc/i686-apple-darwin11/4.2.1/ld) supports shared libraries... yes
checking dynamic linker characteristics... darwin11.3.0 dyld
checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes
checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build static libraries... yes
checking for doxygen... false
checking for ANSI C header files... (cached) yes
checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes
checking for an ANSI C-conforming const... yes
checking for size_t... yes
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating yaml-0.1.pc
config.status: creating include/Makefile
config.status: creating src/Makefile
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating tests/Makefile
config.status: creating win32/Makefile
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: config.h is unchanged
config.status: executing depfiles commands
config.status: executing libtool commands
您應該安裝RVM，使生活更輕鬆，這也給你一個機會，維護各種Ruby版本用於開發。安裝就像這樣簡單http://beginrescueend.com/rvm/install/ – 2012-03-04 04:29:53
嘗試在安裝RVM之後安裝ruby 1.9.2，你應該能夠安裝Rails就好了。 – 2012-03-04 04:30:50
當我安裝rails時出現這個錯誤信息，問題是'rvm list'是空的。我試圖在ruby之前安裝rails。所以請確保你沒有這樣的問題。 – FedericoCapaldo 2017-02-03 08:18:39