的grep在搜索模式和替換如果模式不存在

我在以下格式的文件：的grep在搜索模式和替換如果模式不存在

======================================================== 
line1line1line1line1line1line1line1line1line1 

line2-anything could be here 

...anything again 

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 

======================================================== 

abc abc abc bacbk kjhhjkh 

line2-anything could be here SOME_STRING 

...anything again 

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

我要搜索並替換塊（=====*和++++*之間定義）與說abc其中SOME_STRING不存在。例如，上述文件將如下所示：

======================================================== 

abc 

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 

======================================================== 

abc abc abc bacbk kjhhjkh 

line2-anything could be here SOME_STRING 

...anything again 

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

爲塊1不具有SOME_STRING。

我可以使用搜索模式

========================================================\_.\{-\}++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

得到塊，但後來我想給grep這個模式搜索的結果，如果grep的返回1（沒有找到匹配），與abc更換塊。

可能嗎？提前致謝。

來源

2013-07-04 Saurabh

grep不是正確的工具。用awk這樣的：

awk 'c && $0 != "++++"{ l=l $0 RS } 
    /====/{ print; c=1 } 
    c && $0 == "++++"{ 
     if (l ~ /SOME_STRING/) 
      print l $0; 
     else 
      print "abc" RS $0; 
     c=0; 
     l="" 
    }' file

PS：爲了顯示你的代碼，我上面截斷===================和++++++++++++++++長度4在我的代碼。

說明：

/====/{ print; c=1 } - If input matches "====" then print the line and set c=1 
c && !($0 ~ /\+\+\+\+/) - If c=1 and input doesn't match "++++" then don't print but append 
          current line into a buffer (l=l $0 RS) 
c && $0 ~ /\+\+\+\+/ - If c=1 and input matches then execute below block: 
    if (l ~ /SOME_STRING/) - if SOME_STRING is in buffer then print buffer + current line 
    else     - print abc + current line 
    c=0;l=""    - reset our variables

來源

2013-07-04 12:03:09 anubhava

感謝您的答覆，但它是不可能的SED或VIM？我不明白awk。 – Saurabh

awk很神祕。你能不能概述一下你的方法？沒有這些，罐裝解決方案中的學習很少。 –

@IngoKarkat：如果awk很神祕，那麼sed將會變得更加神祕：P – anubhava

我不知道如何與vim實現它，所以刪除後嘗試與sed：

內容script.sed：

## For all lines between these patterns... 
/^====/,/^++++/ { 
    ## Add current line to "hold space" 
    H 

    ## Process next one unless reach to end of range. 
    /^++++/! { b } 

    ## Get content of "hold space" 
    x 

    ## Remove leading newline added by previous "H" command. 
    s/^\n// 

    ## If not found the string, do the removal saving either 
    ## header and footer. 
    /SOME_STRING/! { 
     s/^\(=\+\n\).*\(\n+\+\)$/\1abc\2/ 
    } 

    ## Print and remove all content from both buffers. 
    p 
    s/^.*$// 
    x 
    s/^.*$// 
}

假設以下輸入文件（infile）：

======================================================== 
line1line1line1line1line1line1line1line1line1 
line2-anything could be here 
...anything again 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 

======================================================== 
abc abc abc bacbk kjhhjkh 
line2-anything could be here SOME_STRING 
...anything again 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 

======================================================== 
abc abc abc bacbk kjhhjkh 
line2-anything could be here SOME_STRING 
...anything again 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
======================================================== 
line1line1line1line1line1line1line1line1line1 
line2-anything could be here 
...anything again 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

運行它想：

sed -nf script.sed infile

國債收益率：

======================================================== 
abc 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
======================================================== 
abc abc abc bacbk kjhhjkh 
line2-anything could be here SOME_STRING 
...anything again 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
======================================================== 
abc abc abc bacbk kjhhjkh 
line2-anything could be here SOME_STRING 
...anything again 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
======================================================== 
abc 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

來源

2013-07-04 14:02:31 Birei

我想這實際上會取代字符串SOME_STRING塊abc。我想替換SOME_STRING **不存在的塊**。運算符[^ some_char]對於角色來說工作得很好，但是在這裏我需要「除了SOME_STRING以外的任何東西」 – Saurabh

@SaurabhDhir：哦，這是真的。抱歉。我會盡力解決它。 – Birei

@SaurabhDhir：我已經用'sed'結尾而不是'vim'。對我來說似乎更容易。 – Birei

的grep在搜索模式和替換如果模式不存在

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