權限在嘗試在ubuntu上安裝sudo時遇到錯誤

Question

我試圖在我的機器上安裝elm（Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS）。

根據該鏈接上的說明運行$ npm install -g elm，我收到一個權限錯誤。所以我用sudo再試一次，即$ sudo npm install -g elm。

這給出了另一個權限錯誤，即

$ sudo npm install -g elm 
npm WARN deprecated node-uuid@1.4.8: Use uuid module instead 
/usr/local/bin/elm-package -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/elm/binwrappers/elm-package 
/usr/local/bin/elm -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/elm/binwrappers/elm 
/usr/local/bin/elm-make -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/elm/binwrappers/elm-make 
/usr/local/bin/elm-reactor -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/elm/binwrappers/elm-reactor 
/usr/local/bin/elm-repl -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/elm/binwrappers/elm-repl 

> elm@0.18.0 install /usr/local/lib/node_modules/elm 
> node install.js 

Error extracting linux-x64.tar.gz - Error: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/usr/local/lib/node_modules/elm/Elm-Platform' 
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE 
npm ERR! errno 1 
npm ERR! elm@0.18.0 install: `node install.js` 
npm ERR! Exit status 1 
npm ERR! 
npm ERR! Failed at the elm@0.18.0 install script. 
npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above. 

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in: 
npm ERR!  /home/matthew/.npm/_logs/2017-07-03T05_58_24_401Z-debug.log 

所引用日誌文件（在/home/matthew/.npm/_logs/2017-07-03T05_58_24_401Z-debug.log）的端部如下所示。

... 
2499 verbose linkBins asap@2.0.5 
2500 verbose linkMans asap@2.0.5 
2501 silly build ansi-styles@2.2.1 
2502 info linkStuff ansi-styles@2.2.1 
2503 silly linkStuff ansi-styles@2.2.1 has /usr/local/lib/node_modules/elm/node_modules as its parent node_modules 
2504 silly linkStuff ansi-styles@2.2.1 is part of a global install 
2505 silly linkStuff ansi-styles@2.2.1 is installed into a global node_modules 
2506 verbose linkBins ansi-styles@2.2.1 
2507 verbose linkMans ansi-styles@2.2.1 
2508 silly build ansi-regex@2.1.1 
2509 info linkStuff ansi-regex@2.1.1 
2510 silly linkStuff ansi-regex@2.1.1 has /usr/local/lib/node_modules/elm/node_modules as its parent node_modules 
2511 silly linkStuff ansi-regex@2.1.1 is part of a global install 
2512 silly linkStuff ansi-regex@2.1.1 is installed into a global node_modules 
2513 verbose linkBins ansi-regex@2.1.1 
2514 verbose linkMans ansi-regex@2.1.1 
2515 silly doSerial global-link 736 
2516 silly doParallel update-linked 736 
2517 silly doSerial install 736 
2518 silly install elm@0.18.0 
2519 info lifecycle elm@0.18.0~install: elm@0.18.0 
2520 verbose lifecycle elm@0.18.0~install: unsafe-perm in lifecycle false 
2521 verbose lifecycle elm@0.18.0~install: PATH: /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/node-gyp-bin:/usr/local/lib/node_modules/elm/node_modules/.bin:/usr/local/lib/node_modules/.bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin 
2522 verbose lifecycle elm@0.18.0~install: CWD: /usr/local/lib/node_modules/elm 
2523 silly lifecycle elm@0.18.0~install: Args: [ '-c', 'node install.js' ] 
2524 silly lifecycle elm@0.18.0~install: Returned: code: 1 signal: null 
2525 info lifecycle elm@0.18.0~install: Failed to exec install script 
2526 verbose unlock done using /home/matthew/.npm/_locks/staging-3a08f0df5026584d.lock for /usr/local/lib/node_modules/.staging 
2527 verbose stack Error: elm@0.18.0 install: `node install.js` 
2527 verbose stack Exit status 1 
2527 verbose stack  at EventEmitter.<anonymous> (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/utils/lifecycle.js:283:16) 
2527 verbose stack  at emitTwo (events.js:125:13) 
2527 verbose stack  at EventEmitter.emit (events.js:213:7) 
2527 verbose stack  at ChildProcess.<anonymous> (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/utils/spawn.js:40:14) 
2527 verbose stack  at emitTwo (events.js:125:13) 
2527 verbose stack  at ChildProcess.emit (events.js:213:7) 
2527 verbose stack  at maybeClose (internal/child_process.js:887:16) 
2527 verbose stack  at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (internal/child_process.js:208:5) 
2528 verbose pkgid elm@0.18.0 
2529 verbose cwd /home/matthew 
2530 verbose Linux 4.8.0-56-generic 
2531 verbose argv "/usr/local/bin/node" "/usr/local/bin/npm" "install" "-g" "elm" 
2532 verbose node v8.0.0 
2533 verbose npm v5.0.4 
2534 error code ELIFECYCLE 
2535 error errno 1 
2536 error elm@0.18.0 install: `node install.js` 
2536 error Exit status 1 
2537 error Failed at the elm@0.18.0 install script. 
2537 error This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above. 
2538 verbose exit [ 1, true ] 

我如何可以繼續安裝榆樹？

Answer 1

理想情況下，/usr/local/lib/node_modules/上的權限是這樣的，你不需要root權限就可以在那裏安裝某些東西。

如果這是不可能的，你需要告訴npm是不應該放棄自己的root權限（這是一個安全的後衛，以防止惡意安裝腳本的運行根）：

$ sudo npm install --unsafe-perm -g elm