Python從字符串中的列表中搜索確切的單詞？

Question

我需要從字符串中的列表中找到確切的單詞。

我試過下面的代碼。在這裏，我從列表中獲得單個單詞的精確匹配，但是如何匹配列表中的兩個單詞。

categories_to_retain = 
['SOLID', 
'GEOMETRIC', 
'FLORAL', 
'BOTANICAL', 
'STRIPES', 
'ABSTRACT', 
'ANIMAL', 
'GRAPHIC PRINT', 
'ORIENTAL', 
'DAMASK', 
'TEXT', 
'CHEVRON', 
'PLAID', 
'PAISLEY', 
'SPORTS'] 

x = " Beautiful Art By Design Studio **graphic print** Creates A **TEXT** Design For This Art Driven Duvet. Printed In Remarkable Detail On A Woven Duvet, This Is An Instant Focal Point Of Any Bedroom. The Fabric Is Woven Of Easy Care Polyester And Backed With A Soft Poly/Cotton Blend Fabric. The Texture In The Fabric Gives Dimension And A Unique Look And Feel To The Duvet." 

x = x.upper() 

print x 

#x = "GRAPHIC" 
#x = "GRAPHIC PRINTS" 


matches = [cat for cat in categories_to_retain if cat in x.split()] 

matches 

Output: 
['TEXT'] 

在這裏你可以看到有一個詞出現在我的名單'圖形打印'。我想從我的字符串中找到這個詞。

另外我需要找到單詞，即使它以複數或過去式存在。例如，條紋，條紋，圖形打印等

感謝， NIRANJAN

Answer 1

這裏使用的是默認的拆分（），這意味着它將在每個空間進行分割分割字符串：會有弦x.split（）中的「GRAPHIC」和「PRINT」，但不是「GRAPHIC PRINT」。你可能想用「if cat in x」，我相信這樣會返回你在這種情況下需要的。

這應該工作：

matches = [cat for cat in categories_to_retain if cat in x] 

Answer 2

您可以使用正則表達式，這也將有助於避免匹配字符和詳細的輸入字的順序就會顯示出來。

import re 
matches = [] 
categories_to_retain = ['SOLID', 
    'GEOMETRIC', 
    'FLORAL', 
    'BOTANICAL', 
    'STRIPES', 
    'ABSTRACT', 
    'ANIMAL', 
    'GRAPHIC PRINT', 
    'ORIENTAL', 
    'DAMASK', 
    'TEXT', 
    'CHEVRON', 
    'PLAID', 
    'PAISLEY', 
    'SPORTS'] 

x = " Beautiful Art By Design Studio **graphic print** Creates A **TEXT** Design For This Art Driven Duvet. Printed In Remarkable Detail On A Woven Duvet, This Is An Instant Focal Point Of Any Bedroom. The Fabric Is Woven Of Easy Care Polyester And Backed With A Soft Poly/Cotton Blend Fabric. The Texture In The Fabric Gives Dimension And A Unique Look And Feel To The Duvet." 

x = x.upper() 

print(x) 

def searchWholeWord(w): 
    return re.compile(r'\b({0})\b'.format(w), flags=re.IGNORECASE).search 

for cat in categories_to_retain: 
    return_value = searchWholeWord(cat)(x) 
    if return_value: 
     matches.append(cat) 

print(matches) 

輸出：

['GRAPHIC PRINT', 'TEXT'] 

Answer 3

使用帶有邊界的正則表達式來獲得精確匹配，即使你只有一個字，如果你想忽略任何標點符號你的邏輯是行不通的：

import re 

patts = re.compile("|".join(r"\b{}\b".format(s) for s in categories_to_retain), re.I) 

x = " Beautiful Art By Design Studio **graphic print** Creates A **TEXT** Design For This Art Driven Duvet. Printed In Remarkable Detail On A Woven Duvet, This Is An Instant Focal Point Of Any Bedroom. The Fabric Is Woven Of Easy Care Polyester And Backed With A Soft Poly/Cotton Blend Fabric. The Texture In The Fabric Gives Dimension And A Unique Look And Feel To The Duvet." 

print(patts.findall(x)) 

這將使你：

['graphic print', 'TEXT']