在腳本中使用django模型

Question

我有一個xml解析器，將該數據存儲到一個MySQL數據庫中，作爲django應用程序的一部分。解析器是爲了日常運行，捕捉一些測試輸出：

`dbsync.py`: 

    1 #!/usr/bin/env python 
    2 import os 
    3 os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'autotester.settings' 
    4 
    5 import xml_parser 
    6 from models import * 

的Django項目被稱爲autotester和app被稱爲autoreporter。 當我執行

python dbsync.py 

我越來越：

Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "autoreporter/dbsync.py", line 6, in <module> 
    from models import * 
    File "/root/autotester/autoreporter/models.py", line 1, in <module> 
    from django.db import models 
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/__init__.py", line 5, in <module> 
    from django.db.models.query import Q 
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 17, in <module> 
    from django.db.models.deletion import Collector 
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/deletion.py", line 4, in <module> 
    from django.db.models import signals, sql 
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/sql/__init__.py", line 4, in <module> 
    from django.db.models.sql.subqueries import * 
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/sql/subqueries.py", line 12, in <module> 
    from django.db.models.sql.query import Query 
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 22, in <module> 
    from django.db.models.sql import aggregates as base_aggregates_module 
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/sql/aggregates.py", line 9, in <module> 
    ordinal_aggregate_field = IntegerField() 
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 116, in __init__ 
    self.db_tablespace = db_tablespace or settings.DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE 
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 54, in __getattr__ 
    self._setup(name) 
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 49, in _setup 
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module) 
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 132, in __init__ 
    % (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e) 
ImportError: Could not import settings 'autotester.settings' (Is it on sys.path? Is there an import error in the settings file?): No module named autotester.settings 

我怎麼能有DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE集，這樣我就可以正常執行dbsync.py腳本？

Answer 1

兩個問題

1. 您需要從您的應用程序導入模型，所以前提是你的Django項目是在PYTHONPATH你可以簡單地通過導入應用模型：

from autoreporter.models import *

或者做一個相對導入，如果dbsync.py（從您的回溯中看）位於app目錄中。

from .models import * 

添加Django項目到PYTHONPATH。您需要在PYTHONPATH中有Django項目才能從您的dbsync.py（只要它位於您的django應用程序目錄中）訪問該項目，對此快速簡單的修復就是在您的代碼中對dbsync.py執行以下操作。

import sys 
import os 
##get project directory 
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) 
##get project parent directory and add to python path using sys.path.append 
SYS_PATH = os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR) 
if SYS_PATH not in sys.path: 
    sys.path.append(SYS_PATH) 
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'autotester.settings' 

Answer 2

我運行使用ORM沒有Django的其餘幾個劇本。我不會在腳本中設置環境。

由於Django 1.7你需要導入你的模型，並運行django setup。

我會像設置主Django應用程序一樣設置環境。然後在腳本開始處添加這些行。這些應該設置Django環境，以便可以像標準Django應用程序一樣訪問模型。

import django 
django.setup() 

import xml_parser 
from .models import *