如何使用正則表達式匹配此模式

Question

我是ruby的新手，嘗試使用正則表達式。 基本上我想讀一個文件，並檢查它是否有正確的格式。

Requirements to be in the correct format: 
1: The word should start with from 
2: There should be one space and only one space is allowed, unless there is a comma 
3: Not consecutive commas 
4: from and to are numbers 
5: from and to must contain a colon 

from: z to: 2 
from: 1 to: 3,4 
from: 2 to: 3 
from:3 to: 5 
from: 4 to: 5 
from: 4 to: 7 
to: 7 from: 6 
from: 7 to: 5 
0: 7 to: 5 
from: 24 to: 5 
from: 7 to: ,,,5 
from: 8 to: 5,,5 
from: 9 to: ,5 

如果我有正確的正則表達式，那麼輸出應該是：

from: 1 to: 3,4 
from: 2 to: 3 
from: 4 to: 5 
from: 4 to: 7 
from: 7 to: 5 
from: 24 to: 5 

所以在這種情況下，這些都是假的：

from: z to: 2  # because starts with z 
from:3 to: 5  # because there is no space after from: 
to: 7 from: 6  # because it starts with to but supposed to start with from 
0: 7 to: 5  # starts with 0 instead of from 
from: 7 to: ,,,5 # because there are two consecutive commas 
from: 8 to: 5,,5 # two consecutive commas 
from: 9 to: ,5 # start with comma 

Answer 1

OK，正則表達式你想要的是這樣的：

from: \d+(?:,\d+)* to: \d+(?:,\d+)* 

這裏假定在from:列中也允許有多個數字。如果沒有，你要想這一個：

from: \d+ to: \d+(?:,\d+)* 

要驗證整個文件是有效的（假設它包含所有都是這樣的一個行），你可以使用這樣的功能：

def validFile(filename) 
    File.open(filename).each do |line| 
     return false if (!/\d+(?:,\d+)* to: \d+(?:,\d+)*/.match(line)) 
    end 
    return true 
end 

Answer 2

你在找什麼叫做負向預測。具體來說，\d+(?!,,)其中說：匹配1個或更多的連續數字後面跟着2個逗號。這裏是整個事情：

str = "from: z to: 2 
from: 1 to: 3,4 
from: 2 to: 3 
from:3 to: 5 
from: 4 to: 5 
from: 4 to: 7 
to: 7 from: 6 
from: 7 to: 5 
0: 7 to: 5 
from: 24 to: 5 
from: 7 to: ,,,5 
from: 8 to: 5,,5 
from: 9 to: ,5 
" 

str.each_line do |line| 
    puts(line) if line =~ /\Afrom: \d+ to: \d+(?!,,)/ 
end 

輸出：

from: 1 to: 3,4 
from: 2 to: 3 
from: 4 to: 5 
from: 4 to: 7 
from: 7 to: 5 
from: 24 to: 5