RSpec測試用於爲嵌套資源創建控制器的動作

Question

我有一個Rails應用程序（Rails 3.0.10），其中用戶可以有許多文章，並且用​​戶可以在文章上留下評論。在文章展示頁面上發表評論。

現在我想測試評論控制器的創建操作，但是，我有調用帶有正確參數的post方法的問題。

這裏的CommentsController的代碼：

class CommentsController < ApplicationController 

    # create a comment and bind it to an article and a user 
    def create 
    @article = Article.find(params[:article_id]) 
    @user = User.find(@article.user_id) 
    @comment = @article.comments.build(params[:comment]) 
    @comment.user_id = current_user.id 

    commenters = [] 
    @article.comments.each { 
     |comment| 
     commenters << User.find(comment.user_id) 
    } 
    commenters.uniq! 

    respond_to do |format| 
     if @comment.save   

     #Notify user who offers article on new comment, else notify the commenters 
     if @article.user_id != @comment.user_id 
      UserMailer.new_article_comment_email(@user, @comment).deliver 
     else   
      commenters.each { 
      |commenter| 
      UserMailer.new_article_comment_email(commenter, @comment).deliver 
      } 
     end 

     format.html { 
      redirect_to(@article) 
      flash[:notice] = t(:comment_create_success) 
     } 
     else 
     format.html { 
      redirect_to(@article) 
      flash[:error] = t(:comment_create_error) 
     } 
     end 
    end 
    end 
end 

測試這個動作（有些實驗到目前爲止）RSpec的代碼如下：

require 'spec_helper' 
require 'ruby-debug' 

describe CommentsController do 
    render_views 

    describe "POST 'create'" do 

    before(:each) do 
     @user = FactoryGirl.create(:user) 

     @article = FactoryGirl.build(:article) 
     @article.user_id = @user.id 
     @article.save 

     @article_attributes = FactoryGirl.attributes_for(:article) 
     @comment_attributes = FactoryGirl.attributes_for(:comment) 
    end 

    it "should create a new comment" do 
     expect { 
     post :create, :comment => @comment_attributes 
     }.to change(Comment, :count).by(1) 
    end 

    it "should create a new comment, redirect to the article show page of this comment and notify the user on successful saving of the comment" do 
     post :create, :comment => @comment_attributes, :article_id => @article.id.to_s, :user_id => @user.id.to_s 
     flash[:notice].should_not be_nil 
     response.should redirect_to(article_path(@article)) 
    end 

    end 

end 

兩個測試失敗，但是，由於不同的原因，我無法修復：

Failures: 

     1) CommentsController POST 'create' should create a new comment 
     Failure/Error: post :create, :comment => @comment_attributes 
     ActionController::RoutingError: 
      No route matches {:comment=>{:body=>"This is the body text of a comment"}, :controller=>"comments", :action=>"create"} 
     # ./spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb:22:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>' 
     # ./spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb:21:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

     2) CommentsController POST 'create' should create a new comment, redirect to the article show page of this comment and notify the user on successful saving of the comment 
     Failure/Error: post :create, :comment => @comment_attributes, :article_id => @article.id.to_s, :user_id => @user.id.to_s 
     RuntimeError: 
      Called id for nil, which would mistakenly be 4 -- if you really wanted the id of nil, use object_id 
     # ./app/controllers/comments_controller.rb:8:in `create' 
     # ./spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb:27:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

我會很好if有人可以幫助我。提前致謝！

更新：這是我使用的routes.rb：

Cinderella::Application.routes.draw do 

    # The priority is based upon order of creation: 
    # first created -> highest priority. 

    # Sample of regular route: 
    # match 'products/:id' => 'catalog#view' 
    # Keep in mind you can assign values other than :controller and :action 

    # Sample of named route: 
    # match 'products/:id/purchase' => 'catalog#purchase', :as => :purchase 
    # This route can be invoked with purchase_url(:id => product.id) 

    match '/signup', :to => 'users#new' 
    match '/signin', :to => 'sessions#new' 
    match '/signout', :to => 'sessions#destroy' 

    match '/home', :to => 'pages#home' 
    match '/about', :to => 'pages#about' 
    match '/faq', :to => 'pages#faq' 
    match '/howitworks_sellers', :to => "pages#howitworks_sellers" 
    match '/howitworks_buyers', :to => "pages#howitworks_buyers" 
    match '/contact', :to => 'pages#contact' 

    match '/articles/:id/ratings', :to => 'ratings#destroy' 

    # Sample resource route (maps HTTP verbs to controller actions automatically): 
    # resources :products 

    resources :articles do 
    resources :comments, :only => [:create, :destroy] 
    end 

    resources :ratings 
    resources :ratings do 
    collection do 
     post 'destroy' 
    end 
    end 

    resources :users do 
    resources :articles 
    end 

    resources :sessions, :only => [:new, :create, :destroy] 

    # Sample resource route with options: 
    # resources :products do 
    #  member do 
    #  get 'short' 
    #  post 'toggle' 
    #  end 
    # 
    #  collection do 
    #  get 'sold' 
    #  end 
    # end 

    # Sample resource route with sub-resources: 
    # resources :products do 
    #  resources :comments, :sales 
    #  resource :seller 
    # end 

    # Sample resource route with more complex sub-resources 
    # resources :products do 
    #  resources :comments 
    #  resources :sales do 
    #  get 'recent', :on => :collection 
    #  end 
    # end 

    # Sample resource route within a namespace: 
    # namespace :admin do 
    #  # Directs /admin/products/* to Admin::ProductsController 
    #  # (app/controllers/admin/products_controller.rb) 
    #  resources :products 
    # end 

    # You can have the root of your site routed with "root" 
    # just remember to delete public/index.html. 
    root :to => "pages#home" 

    # See how all your routes lay out with "rake routes" 

    # This is a legacy wild controller route that's not recommended for RESTful applications. 
    # Note: This route will make all actions in every controller accessible via GET requests. 
    # match ':controller(/:action(/:id(.:format)))' 
end 
#== Route Map 
# Generated on 14 Dec 2011 14:24 
# 
#   signin  /signin(.:format)       {:controller=>"sessions", :action=>"new"} 
#   signout  /signout(.:format)       {:controller=>"sessions", :action=>"destroy"} 
#    home  /home(.:format)        {:controller=>"pages", :action=>"home"} 
#    about  /about(.:format)       {:controller=>"pages", :action=>"about"} 
#    faq  /faq(.:format)        {:controller=>"pages", :action=>"faq"} 
#   articles GET /articles(.:format)       {:action=>"index", :controller=>"articles"} 
#     POST /articles(.:format)       {:action=>"create", :controller=>"articles"} 
#  new_article GET /articles/new(.:format)      {:action=>"new", :controller=>"articles"} 
#  edit_article GET /articles/:id/edit(.:format)    {:action=>"edit", :controller=>"articles"} 
#   article GET /articles/:id(.:format)      {:action=>"show", :controller=>"articles"} 
#     PUT /articles/:id(.:format)      {:action=>"update", :controller=>"articles"} 
#     DELETE /articles/:id(.:format)      {:action=>"destroy", :controller=>"articles"} 
#  user_articles GET /users/:user_id/articles(.:format)   {:action=>"index", :controller=>"articles"} 
#     POST /users/:user_id/articles(.:format)   {:action=>"create", :controller=>"articles"} 
# new_user_article GET /users/:user_id/articles/new(.:format)  {:action=>"new", :controller=>"articles"} 
# edit_user_article GET /users/:user_id/articles/:id/edit(.:format) {:action=>"edit", :controller=>"articles"} 
#  user_article GET /users/:user_id/articles/:id(.:format)  {:action=>"show", :controller=>"articles"} 
#     PUT /users/:user_id/articles/:id(.:format)  {:action=>"update", :controller=>"articles"} 
#     DELETE /users/:user_id/articles/:id(.:format)  {:action=>"destroy", :controller=>"articles"} 
#    users GET /users(.:format)       {:action=>"index", :controller=>"users"} 
#     POST /users(.:format)       {:action=>"create", :controller=>"users"} 
#   new_user GET /users/new(.:format)      {:action=>"new", :controller=>"users"} 
#   edit_user GET /users/:id/edit(.:format)     {:action=>"edit", :controller=>"users"} 
#    user GET /users/:id(.:format)      {:action=>"show", :controller=>"users"} 
#     PUT /users/:id(.:format)      {:action=>"update", :controller=>"users"} 
#     DELETE /users/:id(.:format)      {:action=>"destroy", :controller=>"users"} 
#   sessions POST /sessions(.:format)       {:action=>"create", :controller=>"sessions"} 
#  new_session GET /sessions/new(.:format)      {:action=>"new", :controller=>"sessions"} 
#   session DELETE /sessions/:id(.:format)      {:action=>"destroy", :controller=>"sessions"} 
#    root  /(.:format)         {:controller=>"pages", :action=>"home"} 

更新：這是我根據nmotts建議修改：

require 'spec_helper' 
require 'ruby-debug' 

describe CommentsController do 
    render_views 

    describe "POST 'create'" do 

    before(:each) do 
     @user = FactoryGirl.create(:user) 

     @article = FactoryGirl.build(:article) 
     @article.user_id = @user.id 
     @article.save 

     @comment_attributes = FactoryGirl.attributes_for(:comment, :article_id => @article) 
    end 

    it "should create a new comment" do 
     post :create, :article_id => @article.id.to_s, :comment => @comment_attributes 
    end 

    end 

end 

並徵求意見FactoryGirl定義：

factory :comment do 
    body "This is the body text of a comment" 
    article 
end 

不幸的是，代碼還沒有工作。

Answer 1

對於嵌套資源，您需要以發佈子註釋時識別父項文章的方式構建設置數據和文章。

一種方法是正確設置Factory Girl關聯，然後確保在創建子屬性時設置父元素。這將是這個樣子：

在註釋工廠：

FactoryGirl.define do 
    Factory :comment do 
    comment "My comment" 
    article 
    end 
end 

通過調用文章，並確保有一個有效的工廠叫:article則創建一個註釋時FactoryGirl將創建的文章。爲了使測試順利進行，我們應該具體說明在創建comment時使用哪個article，所以現在Factory已經就位，我們在規範中使用了以下內容。

@comment_attributes = FactoryGirl.attributes_for(:comment, :article_id => @article) 

這將構建自動附加到@article的註釋屬性。最後一部分是構建帖子，確保我們包含父母和孩子。

當發佈嵌套資源時，它需要父資源和子資源的參數。在RSpec中，我們可以按照如下在帖子提供這樣的：

post :create, :article_id => @article, :comment => @comment_attributes 

這應該正確地連接起來，所有的作品。