即使我的類路徑中有JUnit罐子，Tomcat仍未找到「org.junit.Assert」

-1

我遇到了一個問題，我已經查看了它很多，但仍未找到解決方案。我有一個測試用例，執行時會向控制檯發送消息。但即使使用JUnit jar，它也會說我的項目中沒有jar。即使我的類路徑中有JUnit罐子，Tomcat仍未找到「org.junit.Assert」

我在Eclipse上有一個使用Spring MVC配置的Maven項目，我已經使用嚮導手動向類路徑添加了JUnit jar。我也把依賴項放在pom.xml。

Maven依賴內部我有另一個Junit jar，版本3.8.1。我認爲這將是由嚮導（版本4）添加的jar與依賴關係中的jar之間的衝突。但事實並非如此。

我已經嘗試將版本4放在依賴關係上，已經嘗試只使用由嚮導添加的jar，或者只使用從依賴關係添加的那個，並且沒有任何工作。

而且我還有另外一個項目，雖然它很小，但測試用例對它有效。這個小項目沒有Spring，但它是一個Maven項目，並且具有與我的更大項目中完全相同的JUnit jar。

當我嘗試執行測試用例，在控制檯上顯示此錯誤：

SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [mvc-dispatcher] in context with path [/javaliproject] threw exception [Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/Assert] with root cause 
     java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.junit.Assert 
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1333) 
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1167) 
      at br.ufc.quixada.javaliproject.evaluationservice.teste.test(teste.java:17) 
      at br.ufc.quixada.javaliproject.controller.RunnerController.run(RunnerController.java:30) 
      at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 
      at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) 
      at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
      at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) 
      at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:214) 
      at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:132) 
      at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:104) 
      at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandleMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:749) 
      at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:690) 
      at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:83) 
      at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:945) 
      at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:876) 
      at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:961) 
      at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:852) 
      at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622) 
      at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:837) 
      at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:291) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
      at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:77) 
      at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:108) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
      at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
      at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:88) 
      at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:108) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.invoke(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:118) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.doFilter(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:84) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter.doFilter(ExceptionTranslationFilter.java:113) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter.doFilter(SessionManagementFilter.java:103) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.java:113) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.java:154) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter.doFilter(RequestCacheAwareFilter.java:45) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.www.BasicAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(BasicAuthenticationFilter.java:150) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.doFilter(AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java:199) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:110) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.doFilterInternal(WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.java:50) 
      at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:108) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:87) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilterInternal(FilterChainProxy.java:192) 
      at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:160) 
      at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.invokeDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:344) 
      at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:261) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106) 
      at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141) 
      at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79) 
      at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616) 
      at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88) 
      at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:518) 
      at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1096) 
      at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:674) 
      at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1500) 
      at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1456) 
      at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) 
      at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) 
      at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) 
      at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

有誰知道我怎麼能解決這個問題？測試用例我試圖運行是這樣的：

import static org.junit.Assert.*; 

import java.io.IOException; 
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; 

import org.junit.Test; 

public class Runner { 
    @Test 
    public static String runClass() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IOException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException { 

     int expected = 9; 
     int obtained = 10; 

     String assertionError = null; 
     try { 
      assertEquals(expected, obtained); 
      System.out.println("This method is correct!"); 
     } 
     catch (AssertionError ae) { 
      assertionError = ae.toString(); 
      System.out.println(assertionError); 
     } 
     return "Executed!"; 
    } 
}

這裏的pom.xml：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 
    <groupId>javali</groupId> 
    <artifactId>javaliproject</artifactId> 
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 
    <packaging>war</packaging> 

    <build> 
     <finalName>javaliproject</finalName> 
     <plugins> 
      <plugin> 
       <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 
       <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 
       <configuration> 
        <source>1.8</source> 
        <target>1.8</target> 
       </configuration> 
      </plugin> 
     </plugins> 
    </build> 

    <properties> 

     <!-- Generic properties --> 
     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 

     <!-- Java EE/Java SE dependencies --> 

     <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> 
     <javax.activation.version>1.1.1</javax.activation.version> 
     <javax.servlet.version>3.0-alpha-1</javax.servlet.version> 
     <javaee.web.api.version>6.0</javaee.web.api.version> 
     <java.validation.version>1.1.0.Final</java.validation.version> 
     <javax.inject.version>1</javax.inject.version> 

     <!-- Spring --> 
     <spring.version>4.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version> 

     <!-- Hibernate/JPA --> 
     <hibernate.version>4.3.1.Final</hibernate.version> 
     <hibernate.validator.version>5.1.0.Final</hibernate.validator.version> 

     <!-- Database access --> 
     <postgresql.version>9.4-1204-jdbc42</postgresql.version> 

     <!-- Spring Security --> 
     <spring.security.version>3.2.1.RELEASE</spring.security.version> 

    </properties> 

    <dependencies> 


     <!-- Java EE/Java SE dependencies --> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> 
      <version>${javax.servlet.version}</version> 
      <scope>provided</scope> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> 
      <version>${jstl.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>javax.inject</groupId> 
      <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId> 
      <version>${javax.inject.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>javax.validation</groupId> 
      <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId> 
      <version>${java.validation.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 

     <!-- SPRING --> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 

     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 



     <!-- Spring Security --> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.security.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 

     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.security.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 

     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.security.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 

     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.security.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 


     <!-- HIBERNATE --> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> 
      <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> 
      <version>${hibernate.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> 
      <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> 
      <version>${hibernate.validator.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 

     <!-- Databases - Uses POSTGRESQL by default --> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId> 
      <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId> 
      <version>${postgresql.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 

     <!-- Commons File Upload --> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> 
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> 
      <version>1.2.2</version> 
     </dependency> 

     <dependency> 
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId> 
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> 
      <version>1.3.2</version> 
     </dependency> 



     <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit --> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>junit</groupId> 
     <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 
     <version>3.8.1</version> 
     <scope>test</scope> 
     </dependency> 


     <dependency> 
    <groupId>org.xeustechnologies</groupId> 
    <artifactId>jcl-core</artifactId> 
    <version>2.7</version> 
    </dependency> 


    </dependencies> 



</project>

來源

2016-07-02 Araújo Filho

你想幹什麼？堆棧跟蹤表明您似乎想要在生產，部署代碼中使用JUnit，而不是在單元測試中。發佈的代碼顯示你正試圖將Test註解應用到一個靜態方法，返回一個String，這根本不是你如何定義測試。最後，你似乎在使用Maven，但同時你也在擺弄Eclipse類路徑，儘管類路徑應該是pom文件的責任。這一切都沒有多大意義。你想做什麼？ –

@JBNizet這是使用由教授開發的測試用例來評估編程任務。它將加載教授的測試用例類並將其放入目錄中，當學生提交代碼時，我的應用程序將使用教授的測試用例。但是我想從測試用例中獲取消息進行存儲，所以這就是爲什麼我在測試中使用字符串的原因。我展示的這個類僅僅是一個例子，因爲我甚至無法加載一個簡單的測試用例。在沒有春天的類似項目中，我有同班同學，並且正在工作。我不明白這個問題。 –

你的POM中列出的JUnit 3.81的JUnit，但該版本沒有org.junit.Assert。您可以使用最新版本的JUnit，但請注意最近在JUnit中進行了一些不向後兼容的更改，因此您可能需要詢問測試作者使用的版本。

編輯：另外，你的pom.xml名單的JUnit與範圍「測試」（即作爲僅供測試的依賴），這是大多數項目都做正確的事情，但你的項目要使用JUnit在生產代碼中，請將其更改爲非測試依賴項。

正如Nizet所說，示例測試不是一個有效的測試。

來源

2016-07-05 02:38:50 NamshubWriter

對不起，你說「你可以霧最近的一個」是什麼意思？ –

@AraújoFilho對不起，錯字。你可以使用最新的版本（現在4.12） – NamshubWriter

哦，好的。謝謝。那麼，我已經試過了，把版本4.12。但它仍然不能這樣工作。正如我所說的，我有他們兩個：我的構建路徑中的版本4.12的junit.jar，由嚮導添加，以及由pom添加的junit.jar 3.8。已經嘗試只使用嚮導添加的那個，也嘗試只使用pom，我嘗試刪除所有這些，並在我的pom中僅放入4.12，並且所有這些方法都不起作用。這真的很奇怪 –

即使我的類路徑中有JUnit罐子，Tomcat仍未找到「org.junit.Assert」

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