如何獲得在ruby腳本中創建的所有對象類型的列表

Question

我想查找在運行時在ruby腳本中創建的類的列表/總和。

我這樣做

# rewrite class in order to display ClassName when GCed" 
# 
$objs = [] 
class Class 
    alias oldNew new 
    def new(*args) 
    inst = oldNew(*args) 
    $objs << inst.class.name unless $objs.include?(inst.class.name) 
    inst 
    end 
end 
# some code 
puts $bjs 

有沒有更好的方式來做到這一點？

我曾嘗試使用：

$objs = [] 
class Class 
    alias oldNew new 
    def new(*args) 
    inst = oldNew(*args) 
    ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(inst, proc {|id| puts "Finalizer one on #{id.name}" }) 
    inst 
    end 
end 

但我沒有輸出。

僅供參考我測試的一些代碼使用C擴展名。

編輯 更具體的代碼：

require "gtk3" 
require "objspace" 


$objs = [] 
class Class 
    alias oldNew new 
    def new(*args) 
    inst = oldNew(*args) 
    # This doesn't work 
    # ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(inst, proc {|id| puts "Finalizer one on #{id.name}" }) 
    $objs << inst.class.name unless $objs.include?(inst.class.name) 
    inst 
    end 
end 

TITLE_COLUMN = 0 
AUTHOR_COLUMN = 1 
CHECKED_COLUMN = 2 

model = Gtk::TreeStore.new(String, String, TrueClass) 
iter = model.append(nil) 
iter[TITLE_COLUMN] = "The Principle of Reason" 
iter[AUTHOR_COLUMN] = "Martin Heidegger" 
iter[CHECKED_COLUMN] = false 

iter = model.append(nil) 
iter.set_values(["The Art of Computer Programming", "Donald E. Knuth", true]) 

# append child 
child_iter = model.append(iter) 
child_iter[TITLE_COLUMN] = "Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms" 

# append another child 
child_iter = model.append(iter) 
child_iter.set_value(TITLE_COLUMN, "Volume 2: Seminumerical Algorithms") 
child_iter.set_value(CHECKED_COLUMN, true) 

# append another child 
child_iter = model.append(iter) 
child_iter.set_values(["Volume 3: Sorting and Searching", "Donald E. Knuth", true]) 

def treeview_widget_of(model) 
    treeview = Gtk::TreeView.new(model) 
    treeview.append_column(Gtk::TreeViewColumn.new("Title", Gtk::CellRendererText.new, { :text => TITLE_COLUMN })) 
    treeview.append_column(Gtk::TreeViewColumn.new("Author", Gtk::CellRendererText.new, { :text => AUTHOR_COLUMN })) 
    treeview.append_column(Gtk::TreeViewColumn.new("Author", Gtk::CellRendererToggle.new, { :active => CHECKED_COLUMN })) 
    treeview 
end 

def display_model(model) 
    win = Gtk::Window.new(:toplevel) 
    win.title = "Simple Gtk::TreeStore" 
    win.add(treeview_widget_of(model)) 
    win.show_all 
    win.signal_connect("destroy") { Gtk.main_quit } 
    Gtk.main 
end 

display_model(model) 
puts $objs.inspect 

編輯2

["Gio::Loader", "Class", "Module", "GObjectIntrospection::TypeTag", "GObjectIntrospection::Direction", "GObjectIntrospection::FieldInfoFlags", "GObjectIntrospection::ScopeType", nil, "LoadError", "Gdk::Loader", "Gtk::Loader", "Gtk::TreeStore", "GLib::Value", "Gtk::Window", "Gtk::TreeView", "Gtk::CellRendererText", "Gtk::TreeViewColumn", "Gtk::CellRendererToggle"] 

Answer 1

下面是Jörg W Mittag's comment代碼段的變化：

require 'objspace' 
def monitor_classes 
    b = [] 
    a = [] 
    ObjectSpace.each_object { |o| a << o.__id__ } 
    yield 
    ObjectSpace.each_object { |o| b << o.__id__ } 
    (b - a).map { |id| ObjectSpace._id2ref(id).class }.uniq 
end 

monitor_classes do 
    'str' 
end 
#=> [String] 

monitor_classes do 
    [] 
end 
#=> [Array] 

monitor_classes do 
    {} 
end 
#=> [Hash] 

monitor_classes do 
    loop 
end 
#=> [Enumerator] 

Answer 2

這是非常簡單的：

require 'objspace' 

ObjectSpace.each_object(Class) 

但是請注意，這將ONL Ÿ給你類，和不是的類型。一個對象的類型就是它所說的協議，但在Ruby語言中沒有這種表示方式，全都在程序員的腦海中。

例如，我將調用Appendable，該類型的特徵是響應<<的對象self以及作爲將參數添加到其內部狀態的副作用。數組和字符串都是Appendable，儘管它們不共享除Object之外的任何共同祖先類。還請注意，即使Integer對<<作出響應，但它不是Appendable。

還有另一種類型我將調用Iterable，其特點是一個物體響應each與self和作爲副作用yield制定其下屬元素到塊。 mixin依賴於這種類型，但在Ruby中無法表達這種依賴關係，因此必須在文檔中對其進行外部聲明，或者在這種特殊情況下，這只是Ruby社區中根深蒂固的常識。