如何在不使用Data :: Compare的情況下比較Perl中的兩個哈希值？

Question

如何在不使用Data :: Compare的情況下比較Perl中的兩個哈希值？

Answer 1

最佳方法因您的目的而異。思南提到的FAQ項目是一個很好的資源：How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?。在開發和調試過程中（當然在編寫單元測試時），我發現Test::More在比較數組，哈希和複雜數據結構時很有用。一個簡單的例子：

use strict; 
use warnings; 

my %some_data = (
    a => [1, 2, 'x'], 
    b => { foo => 'bar', biz => 'buz' }, 
    j => '867-5309', 
); 

my %other_data = (
    a => [1, 2, 'x'], 
    b => { foo => 'bar', biz => 'buz' }, 
    j => '867-5309x', 
); 

use Test::More tests => 1; 
is_deeply(\%other_data, \%some_data, 'data structures should be the same'); 

輸出：

1..1 
not ok 1 - data structures should be the same 
# Failed test 'data structures should be the same' 
# at _x.pl line 19. 
#  Structures begin differing at: 
#   $got->{j} = '867-5309x' 
#  $expected->{j} = '867-5309' 
# Looks like you failed 1 test of 1. 

Answer 2

見How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?

Perl的常見問題和答案，你的Perl發行版的一部分。您可以通過運行查看這個答案與您perl附帶的版本：

$ perldoc -q equal

在終端

。

Answer 3

比較談論哈希值時，不是詳細的足夠的短語。有很多方法可以比較哈希值：

它們是否具有相同數量的密鑰？

if (%a == %b) { 
    print "they have the same number of keys\n"; 
} else { 
    print "they don't have the same number of keys\n"; 
} 

這兩個哈希鍵是否相同？

if (%a != %b) { 
    print "they don't have the same number of keys\n"; 
} else { 
    my %cmp = map { $_ => 1 } keys %a; 
    for my $key (keys %b) { 
     last unless exists $cmp{$key}; 
     delete $cmp{$key}; 
    } 
    if (%cmp) { 
     print "they don't have the same keys\n"; 
    } else { 
     print "they have the same keys\n"; 
    } 
} 

它們在兩個哈希中是否具有相同的鍵和相同的值？

if (%a != %b) { 
    print "they don't have the same number of keys\n"; 
} else { 
    my %cmp = map { $_ => 1 } keys %a; 
    for my $key (keys %b) { 
     last unless exists $cmp{$key}; 
     last unless $a{$key} eq $b{$key}; 
     delete $cmp{$key}; 
    } 
    if (%cmp) { 
     print "they don't have the same keys or values\n"; 
    } else { 
     print "they have the same keys or values\n"; 
    } 
} 

他們是同構的嗎（我將這個留給讀者，因爲我不是特別想從頭開始實現它）？

或其他一些相等的措施？

而且，當然，這段代碼只處理簡單的哈希值。添加複雜的數據結構使其更加複雜。

Answer 4

快速，骯髒，我敢肯定不是效率：

use strict; 
use warnings; 

use Data::Dumper; 

sub compare ($$) { 
    local $Data::Dumper::Terse = 1; 
    local $Data::Dumper::Indent = 0; 
    Dumper(shift) eq Dumper(shift); 
} 

my %a = (foo => 'bar', bar => [ 0 .. 3 ]); 
my %b = (foo => 'bar', bar => [ 0 .. 3 ]); 
my %c = (foo => 'bar', bar => [ 0 .. 4 ]); 

print Dumper compare \%a, \%b; 
print Dumper compare \%a, \%c; 

Answer 5

爲了比較：

sub HashCompare { 
    my ($a, $b) = @_; 
    my %rhash_1 = %$a; 
    my %rhash_2 = %$b; 

    my $key   = undef; 
    my $hash_2_line = undef; 
    my $hash_1_line = undef; 

    foreach $key (keys(%rhash_2)) { 
    if (exists($rhash_1{$key})) { 
    if ($rhash_1{$key} ne $rhash_2{$key}) { 
    print "key $key in $file_1 = $rhash_1{$key} & $rhash_2{$key} in $file_2\n"; 
     } 
     } 
    } 
    else { 
     print "key $key in $file_1 is not present in $file_2\n"; 

      #next; 
     } 
    } 

    foreach my $comp_key (keys %rhash_1) { 
     if (!exists($rhash_2{$comp_key})) { 
      print MYFILE "key $comp_key in $file_2 is not present in $file_1\n"; 
     } 
    } 
    return; 
} 

沒有重複鍵創建哈希：

sub CreateHash { 
    my (@key_val_file) = @_; 
    my $key_count  = 1; 
    my %hash_key_val =(); 
    my $str4   = undef; 

    local $/ = undef; 

    foreach my $each_line (@key_val_file) { 
      @key_val = split(/,/, $each_line); 
      if (exists($hash_key_val{$key_val[0]})) { 
        $key_count = $key_count + 1; 
        $str4  = $key_val[0] . " occurence-" . $key_count; 
        $hash_key_val{$str4} = $key_val[1]; 
       } 
       else { 
        $hash_key_val{$key_name} = $key_val[1]; 
       } 
      } 
     } 

     $key_count = 1; 

    close FILE; 

    return %hash_key_val; 
} 

Answer 6

@zakovyrya看到這個答案：https://stackoverflow.com/a/2011443/2606517 按鍵排序來自內部數據結構。

Answer 7

Test::Deep::NoTest具有相同的功能。