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我正在學習如何使用Cucumber在JAVA中編寫BDD測試腳本。但是，我不斷收到上述錯誤，不知道爲什麼。我有Cukes小黃瓜作爲依賴。線程「main」中的異常java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError：gherkin/formatter/Formatter
POM
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>Cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>Cucumber</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>gherkin</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-jvm-deps</artifactId>
<version>1.0.5</version>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
<artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.googlecode.java-diff-utils</groupId>
<artifactId>diffutils</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-picocontainer</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.picocontainer</groupId>
<artifactId>picocontainer</artifactId>
<version>2.15</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>codehaus</id>
<url>http://repository.codehaus.org</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>junit-4.12</id>
<properties>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.3</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.6.1</version>
<configuration>
<filesets>
<fileset>
<directory>.</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.ser</include>
</includes>
</fileset>
</filesets>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
特徵
Feature: Letter
Scenario: Check Letter
Given I have the letter "A"
When Icheck the letter "A"
Then I should see an output
步驟
package cucumber.steps;
import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
import cucumber.api.java.en.*;
import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
/**
* Created by Dustin on 8/31/2015.
*/
@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(
plugin = {"json-pretty", "html:target/cucumber"},
features = "src/main/java/cucumber/steps/LetterStepDefs"
)
public class LetterStepDefs {
private String letter;
private String message;
@Given("^I have the letter \"([^\"]*)\"$")
public void I_have_the_letter(String letter) throws Throwable {
// Express the Regexp above with the code you wish you had
this.letter = letter;
}
@When("^Icheck the letter \"([^\"]*)\"$")
public void Icheck_the_letter(String letter) throws Throwable {
// Express the Regexp above with the code you wish you had
try
{
Assert.assertEquals(this.letter, letter);
}
catch (Exception exc)
{
message = exc.getMessage();
}
}
@Then("^I should see an output$")
public void I_should_see_an_output() throws Throwable {
// Express the Regexp above with the code you wish you had
System.out.println(message);
}
}
輸出
Testing started at 4:41 PM ...
Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:58473', transport: 'socket'
JUnit version 4.12
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: gherkin/formatter/Formatter
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:800)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:449)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:71)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:361)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:425)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:358)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:274)
at org.junit.internal.Classes.getClass(Classes.java:16)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCommandLineParseResult.parseParameters(JUnitCommandLineParseResult.java:100)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCommandLineParseResult.parseArgs(JUnitCommandLineParseResult.java:50)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCommandLineParseResult.parse(JUnitCommandLineParseResult.java:44)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.runMain(JUnitCore.java:72)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.main(JUnitCore.java:36)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: gherkin.formatter.Formatter
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:425)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:358)
... 20 more
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:58473', transport: 'socket'
Process finished with exit code 1
任何幫助非常感謝！