Rails遷移「UTF-8中的無效字節序列」

Question

我試圖運行遷移，但每當我嘗試獲取錯誤「UTF-8中的無效字節序列」時。下面是遷移：

class ChangeSchoolEmailToApplicationEmail < ActiveRecord::Migration 
    def self.up 
    rename_column :users, :school_email, :application_email 
    end 

    def self.down 
    rename_column :users, :application_email, :school_email 
    end 
end 

如果我跑得rake db:migrate，我感到我需要使用捆綁EXEC消息。所以，我最終使用的命令是bundle exec rake db:migrate產生以下錯誤：

C:\Rails\qsn>bundle exec rake db:migrate 
== ChangeSchoolEmailToApplicationEmail: migrating ============================ 
-- rename_column(:users, :school_email, :application_email) 
rake aborted! 
An error has occurred, this and all later migrations canceled: 

invalid byte sequence in UTF-8 

Tasks: TOP => db:migrate 
(See full trace by running task with --trace) 

幫助讚賞！

編輯： 隨着--trace輸出看起來像：

C:\Rails\qsn>bundle exec rake db:migrate --trace 
** Invoke db:migrate (first_time) 
** Invoke environment (first_time) 
** Execute environment 
** Execute db:migrate 
== ChangeSchoolEmailToApplicationEmail: migrating ============================ 
-- rename_column(:users, :school_email, :application_email) 
rake aborted! 
An error has occurred, this and all later migrations canceled: 

invalid byte sequence in UTF-8 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/sqlite3-1.3.4-x86-mingw32/lib/sqlite3/database.rb:48:in `gsub' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/sqlite3-1.3.4-x86-mingw32/lib/sqlite3/database.rb:48:in `quote' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite_adapter.rb:114:in `quote_string' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb:21:in `quote' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:45:in `quote' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite_adapter.rb:372:in `block (2 levels) in copy_table_con 
tents' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite_adapter.rb:372:in `map' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite_adapter.rb:372:in `block in copy_table_contents' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/sqlite3-1.3.4-x86-mingw32/lib/sqlite3/database.rb:142:in `block (2 levels) in execute' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/sqlite3-1.3.4-x86-mingw32/lib/sqlite3/statement.rb:110:in `block in each' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/sqlite3-1.3.4-x86-mingw32/lib/sqlite3/statement.rb:107:in `loop' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/sqlite3-1.3.4-x86-mingw32/lib/sqlite3/statement.rb:107:in `each' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/sqlite3-1.3.4-x86-mingw32/lib/sqlite3/database.rb:140:in `block in execute' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/sqlite3-1.3.4-x86-mingw32/lib/sqlite3/database.rb:95:in `prepare' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/sqlite3-1.3.4-x86-mingw32/lib/sqlite3/database.rb:134:in `execute' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite_adapter.rb:370:in `copy_table_contents' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite_adapter.rb:334:in `copy_table' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite_adapter.rb:311:in `move_table' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite_adapter.rb:304:in `block in alter_table' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:139:in `transaction' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite_adapter.rb:303:in `alter_table' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite_adapter.rb:275:in `rename_column' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:385:in `block in method_missing' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:361:in `block in say_with_time' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/1.9.1/benchmark.rb:295:in `measure' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:361:in `say_with_time' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:381:in `method_missing' 
C:/Rails/qsn/db/migrate/20120606013213_change_school_email_to_application_email.rb:3:in `up' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:314:in `block in migrate' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/1.9.1/benchmark.rb:295:in `measure' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:314:in `migrate' 
C:in `migrate' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:539:in `block (2 levels) in migrate' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:613:in `call' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:613:in `block in ddl_transaction' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:139:in `transaction' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:207:in `transaction' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:613:in `ddl_transaction' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:538:in `block in migrate' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:525:in `each' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:525:in `migrate' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:435:in `up' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/migration.rb:417:in `migrate' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.0.9/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:142:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:205:in `call' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:205:in `block in execute' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:200:in `each' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:200:in `execute' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:158:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:201:in `mon_synchronize' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:151:in `invoke_with_call_chain' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:144:in `invoke' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:112:in `invoke_task' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:90:in `block (2 levels) in top_level' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:90:in `each' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:90:in `block in top_level' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:129:in `standard_exception_handling' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:84:in `top_level' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:62:in `block in run' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:129:in `standard_exception_handling' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:59:in `run' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rake-0.9.2/bin/rake:32:in `<top (required)>' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/bin/rake:19:in `load' 
C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/bin/rake:19:in `<main>' 
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate 

編輯：

類型的school_email是字符串。

此外，我只是有一個想法 - 它可能是錯誤是數據庫中的問題的結果？例如，它可能會以某種方式部分腐敗？數據庫類型是SQLite3。

Answer 1

當您在SQLite中重命名列（不支持重命名）時，需要重新創建表，並且需要重新插入數據。顯然，它目前擁有的一些數據不是UTF-8編碼的。最可能的原因是數據損壞，儘管我不確定是否有例外的UTF-8規則允許這種數據在奇怪的情況下通過。

你需要在執行遷移之前修正數據，所以嘗試搜索無效數據和修復：

User.all.each do |user| 
    email = user.school_email 
    email.force_encoding "utf-8" 
    unless email.valid_encoding? 
    puts "Invalid email: #{email} in user id: #{user.id}" 
    email.encode!("utf-8", "utf-8", :invalid => :replace) 
    user.update_attribute(:school_email, email) 
    end 
end 

這是完全可能的，無效的數據是不是在電子郵件領域，這種情況下，您需要爲每個字符串字段做類似的事情來確定罪魁禍首