由於您有無法控制的線程,我建議您編寫一個預加載的庫來調用system()
調用(也可能是popen()
等)與您自己的實現。我也會在庫中包含你的SIGCHLD
處理程序。
如果你不想通過env LD_PRELOAD=libwhatever.so yourprogram
運行您的程序,你可以像
const char *libs;
libs = getenv("LD_PRELOAD");
if (!libs || !*libs) {
setenv("LD_PRELOAD", "libwhatever.so", 1);
execv(argv[0], argv);
_exit(127);
}
在程序的開始添加的東西,有一個與LD_PRELOAD正確設置它重新執行本身。 (請注意,有怪癖考慮,如果你的程序是setuid或setgid;參見man ld.so
對細節特別是,如果libwhatever.so
沒有安裝在系統庫目錄,你必須指定一個完整路徑。)
一個可能的方法可能會使用待定子項的無鎖數組(由C編譯器提供的原子內置函數)。而不是waitpid()
,您的system()
實施分配其中一個條目,將子PID保留在那裏,然後等待子信號退出,而不是調用waitpid()
。
下面是一個示例實現:
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <errno.h>
/* Maximum number of concurrent children waited for.
*/
#define MAX_CHILDS 256
/* Lockless array of child processes waited for.
*/
static pid_t child_pid[MAX_CHILDS] = { 0 }; /* 0 is not a valid PID */
static sem_t child_sem[MAX_CHILDS];
static int child_status[MAX_CHILDS];
/* Helper function: allocate a child process.
* Returns the index, or -1 if all in use.
*/
static inline int child_get(const pid_t pid)
{
int i = MAX_CHILDS;
while (i-->0)
if (__sync_bool_compare_and_swap(&child_pid[i], (pid_t)0, pid)) {
sem_init(&child_sem[i], 0, 0);
return i;
}
return -1;
}
/* Helper function: release a child descriptor.
*/
static inline void child_put(const int i)
{
sem_destroy(&child_sem[i]);
__sync_fetch_and_and(&child_pid[i], (pid_t)0);
}
/* SIGCHLD signal handler.
* Note: Both waitpid() and sem_post() are async-signal safe.
*/
static void sigchld_handler(int signum __attribute__((unused)),
siginfo_t *info __attribute__((unused)),
void *context __attribute__((unused)))
{
pid_t p;
int status, i;
while (1) {
p = waitpid((pid_t)-1, &status, WNOHANG);
if (p == (pid_t)0 || p == (pid_t)-1)
break;
i = MAX_CHILDS;
while (i-->0)
if (p == __sync_fetch_and_or(&child_pid[i], (pid_t)0)) {
child_status[i] = status;
sem_post(&child_sem[i]);
break;
}
/* Log p and status? */
}
}
/* Helper function: close descriptor, without affecting errno.
*/
static inline int closefd(const int fd)
{
int result, saved_errno;
if (fd == -1)
return EINVAL;
saved_errno = errno;
do {
result = close(fd);
} while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (result == -1)
result = errno;
else
result = 0;
errno = saved_errno;
return result;
}
/* Helper function: Create a close-on-exec socket pair.
*/
static int commsocket(int fd[2])
{
int result;
if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, fd)) {
fd[0] = -1;
fd[1] = -1;
return errno;
}
do {
result = fcntl(fd[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
} while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (result == -1) {
closefd(fd[0]);
closefd(fd[1]);
return errno;
}
do {
result = fcntl(fd[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
} while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (result == -1) {
closefd(fd[0]);
closefd(fd[1]);
return errno;
}
return 0;
}
/* New system() implementation.
*/
int system(const char *command)
{
pid_t child;
int i, status, commfd[2];
ssize_t n;
/* Allocate the child process. */
i = child_get((pid_t)-1);
if (i < 0) {
/* "fork failed" */
errno = EAGAIN;
return -1;
}
/* Create a close-on-exec socket pair. */
if (commsocket(commfd)) {
child_put(i);
/* "fork failed" */
errno = EAGAIN;
return -1;
}
/* Create the child process. */
child = fork();
if (child == (pid_t)-1)
return -1;
/* Child process? */
if (!child) {
char *args[4] = { "sh", "-c", (char *)command, NULL };
/* If command is NULL, return 7 if sh is available. */
if (!command)
args[2] = "exit 7";
/* Close parent end of comms socket. */
closefd(commfd[0]);
/* Receive one char before continuing. */
do {
n = read(commfd[1], &status, 1);
} while (n == (ssize_t)-1 && errno == EINTR);
if (n != 1) {
closefd(commfd[1]);
_exit(127);
}
/* We won't receive anything else. */
shutdown(commfd[1], SHUT_RD);
/* Execute the command. If successful, this closes the comms socket. */
execv("/bin/sh", args);
/* Failed. Return the errno to the parent. */
status = errno;
{
const char *p = (const char *)&status;
const char *const q = (const char *)&status + sizeof status;
while (p < q) {
n = write(commfd[1], p, (size_t)(q - p));
if (n > (ssize_t)0)
p += n;
else
if (n != (ssize_t)-1)
break;
else
if (errno != EINTR)
break;
}
}
/* Explicitly close the socket pair. */
shutdown(commfd[1], SHUT_RDWR);
closefd(commfd[1]);
_exit(127);
}
/* Parent process. Close the child end of the comms socket. */
closefd(commfd[1]);
/* Update the child PID in the array. */
__sync_bool_compare_and_swap(&child_pid[i], (pid_t)-1, child);
/* Let the child proceed, by sending a char via the socket. */
status = 0;
do {
n = write(commfd[0], &status, 1);
} while (n == (ssize_t)-1 && errno == EINTR);
if (n != 1) {
/* Release the child entry. */
child_put(i);
closefd(commfd[0]);
/* Kill the child. */
kill(child, SIGKILL);
/* "fork failed". */
errno = EAGAIN;
return -1;
}
/* Won't send anything else over the comms socket. */
shutdown(commfd[0], SHUT_WR);
/* Try reading an int from the comms socket. */
{
char *p = (char *)&status;
char *const q = (char *)&status + sizeof status;
while (p < q) {
n = read(commfd[0], p, (size_t)(q - p));
if (n > (ssize_t)0)
p += n;
else
if (n != (ssize_t)-1)
break;
else
if (errno != EINTR)
break;
}
/* Socket closed with nothing read? */
if (n == (ssize_t)0 && p == (char *)&status)
status = 0;
else
if (p != q)
status = EAGAIN; /* Incomplete error code, use EAGAIN. */
/* Close the comms socket. */
shutdown(commfd[0], SHUT_RDWR);
closefd(commfd[0]);
}
/* Wait for the command to complete. */
sem_wait(&child_sem[i]);
/* Did the command execution fail? */
if (status) {
child_put(i);
errno = status;
return -1;
}
/* Command was executed. Return the exit status. */
status = child_status[i];
child_put(i);
/* If command is NULL, then the return value is nonzero
* iff the exit status was 7. */
if (!command) {
if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 7)
status = 1;
else
status = 0;
}
return status;
}
/* Library initialization.
* Sets the sigchld handler,
* makes sure pthread library is loaded, and
* unsets the LD_PRELOAD environment variable.
*/
static void init(void) __attribute__((constructor));
static void init(void)
{
struct sigaction act;
int saved_errno;
saved_errno = errno;
sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
act.sa_sigaction = sigchld_handler;
act.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP | SA_RESTART | SA_SIGINFO;
sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act, NULL);
(void)dlopen("libpthread.so.0", RTLD_NOW | RTLD_GLOBAL);
unsetenv("LD_PRELOAD");
errno = saved_errno;
}
如果保存上面說child.c
,你可以把它編譯成libchild.so
使用
gcc -W -Wall -O3 -fpic -fPIC -c child.c -lpthread
gcc -W -Wall -O3 -shared -Wl,-soname,libchild.so child.o -ldl -lpthread -o libchild.so
如果你有一個測試程序,它system()
電話在各種線程中,您可以使用system()
插入(和孩子自動收穫)使用
env LD_PRELOAD=/path/to/libchild.so test-program
請注意,根據正是那些不是你的控制之下線程做,你可能需要干預更多的功能,包括signal()
,sigaction()
,sigprocmask()
,pthread_sigmask()
,等等,以確保這些線程不會改變您的SIGCHLD
處理程序的處置(由libchild.so
庫安裝後)。
如果這些外的控制線程使用popen()
,您可以設置是(和pclose()
)非常相似的代碼上面system()
,只是分成兩個部分。 (如果您想知道爲什麼我的system()
代碼不能向父進程報告exec()
失敗,那是因爲我通常使用此代碼的變體,它將該命令作爲字符串數組使用;這樣,它就能正確地報告if該命令沒有找到,或者由於權限不足等原因無法執行。在這種特殊情況下,該命令始終爲/bin/sh
。但是,由於無論如何都需要使用通信套接字來避免在子出口和最新的PID在* child_pid [] *數組中,我決定留下「額外」代碼。)
不應該system()阻止SIGCHLD嗎?而你的意思是「SIGCHLD在不同的線程中調用」? – LostBoy
也許你可以使用一個庫(Glib,Pocolib,Boost,QtCore等),它比'system(3)'具有更好的進程控制能力。 –
@LostBoy'system()'確實阻塞了SIGCHLD,但僅限於調用線程。它使用'sigprocmask()',它被記錄爲「一個進程中的每個線程都有自己的信號掩碼。」 – shoosh