XML架構中的完整性約束條件

Question

我有這樣的XML（工作流表示一種由進程實例化的類）。

<workflowManagementSystem> 
    <workflows> 
     <workflow name="workflow1"> 
      <actions> 
       <action name="action1" role="role1"></action> 
       <action name="action2" role="role3"></action> 
       <action name="action3" role="role4"></action> 
      </actions> 
     </workflow> 
     <workflow name="workflow2"> 
      <actions> 
       <action name="action3" role="role4"></action> 
       <action name="action2" role="role3"></action> 
       <action name="action4" role="role4"></action> 
      </actions> 
     </workflow> 
    </workflows> 
    <actors> 
     <actor name="actor1" role="role1"></actor> 
     <actor name="actor2" role="role2"></actor> 
     <actor name="actor3" role="role3"></actor> 
     <actor name="actor4" role="role4"></actor> 
     <actor name="actor5" role="role2"></actor> 
    </actors> 
    <processes> 
     <process workflow="workflow1"> 
      <actionStatuses> 
       <actionStatus action="action1" actor="actor1"></actionStatus> 
       <actionStatus action="action2" actor="actor3"></actionStatus> 
      </actionStatuses> 
     </process> 
     <process workflow="workflow1"> 
      <actionStatuses> 
       <actionStatus action="action1" actor="actor1"></actionStatus> 
       <actionStatus action="action2" actor="actor5"></actionStatus> 
       <actionStatus action="action3" actor="actor4"></actionStatus> 
      </actionStatuses> 
     </process> 
     <process workflow="workflow1"> 
      <actionStatuses> 
       <actionStatus action="action2" actor="actor5"></actionStatus> 
       <actionStatus action="action4" actor="actor4"></actionStatus> 
      </actionStatuses> 
     </process> 
    </processes> 
</workflowManagementSystem> 

我想聲明像一些制約因素：

1）工作流程的名稱必須是唯一的。
2）操作的名稱在包含它的工作流的範圍內必須是唯一的。
3）一個動作可以在過程中重複（更多動作狀態指的是相同的動作）。
4）actionStatus應該只引用屬於由父進程實例化的特定工作流的動作。
5）actionStatus中指定的actor必須屬於它引用的action中指定的角色。

這可能嗎？

Answer 1

一些或您的要求可以，其他人不能使用XML模式來完成。

在進入細節之前，我還添加了一個額外的key/keyref（引用完整性），您沒有要求，但我認爲它可能對未來的引用有好處。獨特的WorkflowInWorkflows就是你所要求的;我已經添加了pkWorkflow/fkProcessToWorkflow。 unique和key子句之間存在細微差別，但是如果您接受key/keyref，則不需要uniqueWorkflowInWorkflows。在這裏值得一提的是，如果你的設計允許使用xsd：unique子句，而不是xsd：key，一個xsd：keyref可以引用一個xsd：獨特的...

的答案是：

1）查看uniqueWorkflowInWorkflows或pkWorkflow

2）查看uniqueActionInWorkflow

3）沒有在這裏做。

4）無法在XML模式下完成（直觀地說，由於選擇器支持的XPath語法限制）。

5）無法在XML模式下完成。

以下是根據您的XML生成的XML Schema，遵循俄羅斯Doll創作風格，這是唯一的「全局」聲明是根元素的聲明。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<!--W3C Schema generated by QTAssistant/W3C Schema Refactoring Module (http://www.paschidev.com)--> 
<xsd:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> 
    <xsd:element name="workflowManagementSystem"> 
     <xsd:complexType> 
      <xsd:sequence> 
       <xsd:element name="workflows"> 
        <xsd:complexType> 
         <xsd:sequence> 
          <xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="workflow"> 
           <xsd:complexType> 
             <xsd:sequence> 
              <xsd:element name="actions"> 
               <xsd:complexType> 
                <xsd:sequence> 
               <xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="action"> 
                <xsd:complexType> 
                 <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required"/> 
                 <xsd:attribute name="role" type="xsd:string" use="required"/> 
                </xsd:complexType> 
               </xsd:element> 
              </xsd:sequence> 
             </xsd:complexType> 
            </xsd:element> 
           </xsd:sequence> 
           <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required"/> 
          </xsd:complexType> 
          <xsd:unique name="uniqueActionInWorkflow"> 
           <xsd:selector xpath="actions/action"/> 
           <xsd:field xpath="@name"/> 
          </xsd:unique> 
         </xsd:element> 
        </xsd:sequence> 
       </xsd:complexType> 
       <xsd:unique name="uniqueWorkflowInWorkflows"> 
        <xsd:selector xpath="workflow"/> 
        <xsd:field xpath="@name"/> 
       </xsd:unique> 
      </xsd:element> 
      <xsd:element name="actors"> 
       <xsd:complexType> 
        <xsd:sequence> 
         <xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="actor"> 
          <xsd:complexType> 
           <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required"/> 
           <xsd:attribute name="role" type="xsd:string" use="required"/> 
          </xsd:complexType> 
         </xsd:element> 
        </xsd:sequence> 
       </xsd:complexType> 
      </xsd:element> 
      <xsd:element name="processes"> 
       <xsd:complexType> 
        <xsd:sequence> 
         <xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="process"> 
          <xsd:complexType> 
           <xsd:sequence> 
            <xsd:element name="actionStatuses"> 
             <xsd:complexType> 
              <xsd:sequence> 
               <xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="actionStatus"> 
                <xsd:complexType> 
                 <xsd:attribute name="action" type="xsd:string" use="required"/> 
                 <xsd:attribute name="actor" type="xsd:string" use="required"/> 
                </xsd:complexType> 
               </xsd:element> 
              </xsd:sequence> 
             </xsd:complexType> 
            </xsd:element> 
           </xsd:sequence> 
           <xsd:attribute name="workflow" type="xsd:string" use="required"/> 
          </xsd:complexType> 
         </xsd:element> 
        </xsd:sequence> 
       </xsd:complexType> 
      </xsd:element> 
     </xsd:sequence> 
    </xsd:complexType> 
    <xsd:key name="pkWorkflow"> 
     <xsd:selector xpath="workflows/workflow"/> 
     <xsd:field xpath="@name"/> 
    </xsd:key>  
    <xsd:keyref name="fkProcessToWorkflow" refer="pkWorkflow"> 
     <xsd:selector xpath="processes/process"/> 
     <xsd:field xpath="@workflow"/> 
    </xsd:keyref> 
</xsd:element> 

這是XSD源的可視化：

Answer 2

我已認識到，約束4和5不能在XML模式被翻譯，但我解決了編輯模式結構的剩餘問題並添加了一些額外的約束。 XML：

<workflowManagementSystem xmlns="http://www.example.org/wfInfo" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.example.org/wfInfo wfInfo.xsd "> 
    <workflows> 
     <workflow name="wf1"> 
      <actions> 
       <action name="ac1" role="role1"> 
       </action> 
       <action name="ac2" role="role2"> 
       </action> 
       <action name="ac3" role="AddettoVendite" 
        automaticallyInstantiated="true"> 
        <nextAction actionName="ac1"></nextAction> 
        <nextAction actionName="ac2"></nextAction> 
       </action> 
      </actions> 
      <processes> 
       <process startTime="2011-10-13T12:30:00Z"> 
        <actionStatuses> 
         <actionStatus action="ac1" actor="actor3" 
          terminationTime="2011-10-13T12:30:00Z"></actionStatus> 
         <actionStatus action="ac3" actor="actor2"></actionStatus> 
        </actionStatuses> 
       </process> 
       <process startTime="2011-10-13T12:30:00Z"> 
        <actionStatuses> 
         <actionStatus action="ac1" actor="actor1"></actionStatus> 
        </actionStatuses> 
       </process> 
      </processes> 
     </workflow> 
     <workflow name="wf2"> 
      <actions> 
       <action name="ac2" role="role2" 
        automaticallyInstantiated="true"> 
        <nextAction actionName="ac4"></nextAction> 
       </action> 
       <action name="ac4" role="role2" 
        automaticallyInstantiated="false"> 
        <nextAction actionName="ac2"></nextAction> 
       </action> 
       <action name="ac5" role="role1" 
        automaticallyInstantiated="false"> 
       </action> 
      </actions> 
      <processes> 

      </processes> 
     </workflow> 
    </workflows> 
    <actors> 
     <actor name="Actor1"> 
      <roles> 
       <role name="Role3"></role> 
       <role name="Role4"></role> 
      </roles> 
     </actor> 
     <actor name="Actor2"> 
      <roles> 
       <role name="Role1"></role> 
      </roles> 
     </actor> 
     <actor name="Actor3"> 
      <roles> 
       <role name="Role1"></role> 
       <role name="Role2"></role> 
      </roles> 
     </actor> 
    </actors> 
</workflowManagementSystem> 

以及相應的模式是：

<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/wfInfo" 
    xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/wfInfo" elementFormDefault="qualified"> 

    <element name="workflowManagementSystem" type="tns:workflowManagementSystemType"> 

     <!-- CONSTRAINTS --> 
     <key name="workflowKey"> 
      <selector xpath="tns:workflows/tns:workflow"></selector> 
      <field xpath="@name"></field> 
     </key> 
     <keyref name="nextProcessRef" refer="tns:workflowKey"> 
      <selector 
       xpath="tns:workflows/tns:workflow/tns:actions/tns:action/tns:nextProcess"> 
      </selector> 
      <field xpath="@workflowName"></field> 
     </keyref> 

     <key name="actorKey"> 
      <selector xpath="tns:actors/tns:actor"></selector> 
      <field xpath="@name"></field> 
     </key> 

     <keyref name="actorRef" refer="tns:actorKey"> 
      <selector 
       xpath="tns:workflows/tns:workflow/tns:processes/tns:process/tns:actionStatuses/tns:actionStatus"> 
      </selector> 
      <field xpath="@actor"></field> 
     </keyref> 

    </element> 

    <!-- ROOT --> 
    <complexType name="workflowManagementSystemType"> 
     <all> 
      <!-- WORKFLOWS --> 
      <element name="workflows" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1"> 
       <complexType> 
        <sequence> 
         <element name="workflow" type="tns:workflowType" 
          maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0"> 

          <!-- CONSTRAINTS --> 
          <key name="actionKey"> 
           <selector xpath="tns:actions/tns:action"></selector> 
           <field xpath="@name"></field> 
          </key> 
          <keyref name="nextActionRef" refer="tns:actionKey"> 
           <selector xpath="tns:actions/tns:action/tns:nextAction"></selector> 
           <field xpath="@actionName"></field> 
          </keyref> 
          <keyref name="actionRef" refer="tns:actionKey"> 
           <selector 
            xpath="tns:processes/tns:process/tns:actionStatuses/tns:actionStatus"></selector> 
           <field xpath="@action"></field> 
          </keyref> 
         </element> 
        </sequence> 
       </complexType> 
      </element> 

      <!-- ACTORS --> 
      <element name="actors" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1"> 
       <complexType> 
        <sequence> 
         <element name="actor" type="tns:actorType" maxOccurs="unbounded" 
          minOccurs="0"> 

         </element> 
        </sequence> 
       </complexType> 
      </element> 
     </all> 
    </complexType> 

    <!-- WORKFLOW --> 
    <complexType name="workflowType"> 
     <all> 
      <!-- ACTIONS --> 
      <element name="actions" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1"> 
       <complexType> 
        <sequence> 
         <element name="action" type="tns:actionType" maxOccurs="unbounded" 
          minOccurs="0"></element> 
        </sequence> 
       </complexType> 
      </element> 
      <!-- PROCESSES --> 
      <element name="processes" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1"> 
       <complexType> 

        <sequence> 
         <element name="process" type="tns:processType" maxOccurs="unbounded" 
          minOccurs="0"> 

         </element> 
        </sequence> 
       </complexType> 
      </element> 
     </all> 
     <attribute name="name" type="string" use="required"></attribute> 
    </complexType> 

    <!-- PROCESS --> 
    <complexType name="processType"> 
     <sequence> 
      <!-- ACTIONSTATUSES --> 
      <element name="actionStatuses" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1"> 
       <complexType> 
        <sequence> 
         <element name="actionStatus" type="tns:actionStatusType" 
          maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0"> 
         </element> 
        </sequence> 
       </complexType> 

      </element> 
     </sequence> 
     <attribute name="startTime" type="dateTime" use="required"></attribute> 
    </complexType> 

    <!-- ACTION --> 
    <complexType name="actionType"> 
     <choice> 
      <element name="nextAction" maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0"> 
       <complexType> 
        <attribute name="actionName" type="string" use="required"></attribute> 
       </complexType> 
      </element> 
      <element name="nextProcess" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1"> 
       <complexType> 
        <attribute name="workflowName" type="string" use="required"></attribute> 
       </complexType> 
      </element> 
     </choice> 
     <attribute name="name" type="string" use="required"></attribute> 
     <attribute name="automaticallyInstantiated" type="boolean" 
      use="required"> 
     </attribute> 
     <attribute name="role" type="string" use="required"></attribute> 
    </complexType> 

    <!-- ACTIONSTATUS --> 
    <complexType name="actionStatusType"> 
     <attribute name="action" type="string" use="required"></attribute> 
     <attribute name="actor" type="string" use="optional"></attribute> 
     <attribute name="terminationTime" type="dateTime" use="optional"></attribute> 
    </complexType> 

    <!-- ACTOR --> 
    <complexType name="actorType"> 
     <sequence> 
      <element name="roles" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1"> 
       <complexType> 
        <sequence> 
         <element name="role" type="tns:roleType" maxOccurs="unbounded" 
          minOccurs="1"></element> 
        </sequence> 
       </complexType> 
       <!-- CONSTRAINTS --> 
       <unique name="actorRoleUnique"> 
        <selector xpath="tns:role"></selector> 
        <field xpath="@name"></field> 
       </unique> 
      </element> 
     </sequence> 
     <attribute name="name" type="string" use="required"></attribute> 
    </complexType> 


    <complexType name="roleType"> 
     <attribute name="name" type="string" use="required"></attribute> 
    </complexType> 


</schema>