SQL - 爲複雜動態行選擇查詢

我需要根據搜索條件從下表中檢索ListingId。請幫助的最佳方式以檢索下面SQL - 爲複雜動態行選擇查詢

注意的條件查詢：ListingId可以有任意數量ExtrafieldId的，所以搜索ListingId是基於動態ExtrafieldId

If (ExtrafieldId = 1 and Value = 1) => OUTPUT - 20, 22 
If (ExtrafieldId = 1 and Value = 1) and (ExtrafieldId = 2 and Value = 7) => OUTPUT - 21 
If (ExtrafieldId =4and Value = 1999) => OUTPUT - 20, 21, 23

等等...

ListingId ExtraFieldId Value  
20 1 1  
20 2 4  
20 3   
20 4 1990  
21 1 2  
21 2 7  
21 3   
21 4 1990  
22 1 1  
22 2 4  
22 3   
22 4 2000  
23 1 NULL  
23 2 NULL  
23 4 1999

來源

2012-02-21 m rajesh

SELECT 
     t1.ListingID 
FROM 
     TableX AS t1 

    JOIN        --- 2nd JOIN 
     TableX AS t2 
    ON 
     t2.ListingID = t1.ListingID 

    JOIN        --- 3rd JOIN 
     TableX AS t3 
    ON 
     t3.ListingID = t1.ListingID 

WHERE 
     (t1.ExtraFieldID, t1.Value) = (@ExtraFieldID_search1, @Value_search1) 

         --- 2nd condition 
    AND 
     (t2.ExtraFieldID, t2.Value) = (@ExtraFieldID_search2, @Value_search2) 

         --- 3rd condition 
    AND 
     (t3.ExtraFieldID, t3.Value) = (@ExtraFieldID_search3, @Value_search3)

如果您需要3個條件，你需要加入表本身更多的時間（所以共3個次）

來源

2012-02-21 11:18:36

嗨感謝您的回答，您可以給同樣的查詢3或4表。我是一名初學者，無法寫入加入第三個表的查詢。最大我有4或5表加入這樣。 – 2012-02-21 11:39:43

+1正如我在答覆中所評論的，這是比我發佈的更有效的解決方案。 – GarethD 2012-02-21 14:02:52

使用HAVING而不是自加入。因爲不需要連接並且只需要1次表掃描，所以效率更高。這也意味着如果有多個條件，它只需要在HAVING子句中添加一個表達式，而不是額外的連接。

例如你的第二個例子：

SELECT ListingID 
FROM [YourTable] 
GROUP BY ListingID 
HAVING COUNT(CASE WHEN ExtrafieldId = 1 AND Value = 1 THEN 1 END) > 0 
AND  COUNT(CASE WHEN ExtrafieldId = 2 AND Value = 7 THEN 1 END) > 0

附錄

以上是完全錯誤的。我認爲這在眼睛上稍微容易一些，但下面的效率更高。

SELECT t1.ListingID 
FROM Listing AS t1 
     INNER JOIN Listing AS t2 
      ON t2.ListingID = t1.ListingID 
     INNER JOIN Listing AS t3 
      ON t3.ListingID = t1.ListingID 
     INNER JOIN Listing AS t4 
      ON t4.ListingID = t1.ListingID 
WHERE (t1.ExtraFieldID = 1 AND t1.Value = 1) 
AND  (t2.ExtraFieldID = 2 AND t2.Value = 7) 
AND  (t3.ExtraFieldID = 3 AND t3.Value = '') 
AND  (t4.ExtraFieldID = 4 AND t4.Value = 1999)

爲了證明這一點，我跑到下面的代碼進行測試：

DECLARE @Iterations INT, @Listings INT 
/******************************************************************************************************* 
SET THE PARAMETERS FOR THE TEST HERE, @Listings IS THE NUMBER OF ListingIDs TO INSERT INTO THE SAMPLE 
TABLE. EACH LISTING GETS 4 RECORDS SO 10,000 LISTINGS WILL GENERATE A SAMPLE OF 40,000 RECORDS ETC. 
@Iterations IS THE NUMBER OF SELECTS TO PERFORM TO TEST THE PERFORMANCE OF EACH METHOD. 
*******************************************************************************************************/ 
SET @Iterations = 500 
SET @Listings = 1000000 
/*******************************************************************************************************/ 
/*******************************************************************************************************/ 

IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM TempDB.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE Table_Name LIKE '#Listing%') 
    BEGIN 
     DROP TABLE #Listing 
    END 

CREATE TABLE #Listing (ListingID INT NOT NULL, ExtraFieldID TINYINT NOT NULL, Value VARCHAR(4), PRIMARY KEY (ListingID, ExtraFieldID)) 

IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM TempDB.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE Table_Name LIKE '#Results%') 
    BEGIN 
     DROP TABLE #Results 
    END 

CREATE TABLE #Results (GroupBy INT, SelfJoin INT) 

DECLARE @i INT, @Time DATETIME, @Time2 DATETIME, @t INT 
SET @i = ISNULL((SELECT MAX(ListingID) + 1 FROM #Listing), 0) 
-- FILL LISTING TABLE WITH RANDOM VALUES 
WHILE @i < @Listings 
    BEGIN 
     INSERT #Listing VALUES (@i, 1, ROUND(RAND() * 4, 0)) 
     INSERT #Listing VALUES (@i, 2, ROUND(RAND() * 20, 0)) 
     INSERT #Listing VALUES (@i, 3, CASE WHEN ROUND(RAND(), 0) = 0 THEN '' ELSE CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), ROUND(RAND(), 3) * 1000) END) 
     INSERT #Listing VALUES (@i, 4, DATEPART(YEAR, DATEADD(YEAR, (RAND()-1) * 100, GETDATE()))) 

     SET @i = @i + 1 
    END 

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX #IX_Listing_Value ON #Listing (Value) WITH FILLFACTOR = 100 

SET @i = 0 
-- PERFORM BOTH METHODS X NUMBER OF TIMES TO GET AN AVERAGE EXECUTION TIME 
WHILE @i < @Iterations 
    BEGIN 
     SET @Time = GETDATE() 

     SELECT @t = COUNT(*) 
     FROM ( SELECT ListingID 
        FROM #Listing 
        GROUP BY ListingID 
        HAVING COUNT(CASE WHEN ExtrafieldId = 1 AND Value = 1 THEN 1 END) > 0 
        AND  COUNT(CASE WHEN ExtrafieldId = 2 AND Value = 7 THEN 1 END) > 0 
        AND  COUNT(CASE WHEN ExtrafieldId = 3 AND Value = '' THEN 1 END) > 0 
        AND  COUNT(CASE WHEN ExtrafieldId = 4 AND Value = 1999 THEN 1 END) > 0 
       ) D 

     SET @Time2 = GETDATE() 

     SELECT @t = COUNT(*) 
     FROM ( SELECT t1.ListingID 
        FROM #Listing AS t1 
          JOIN #Listing AS t2 
           ON t2.ListingID = t1.ListingID 
          JOIN #Listing AS t3 
           ON t3.ListingID = t1.ListingID 
          JOIN #Listing AS t4 
           ON t4.ListingID = t1.ListingID 
        WHERE (t1.ExtraFieldID = 1 AND t1.Value = 1) 
        AND  (t2.ExtraFieldID = 2 AND t2.Value = 7) 
        AND  (t3.ExtraFieldID = 3 AND t3.Value = '') 
        AND  (t4.ExtraFieldID = 4 AND t4.Value = 1999) 
       ) D 

     INSERT INTO #Results 
     SELECT DATEDIFF(MICROSECOND, @Time, @Time2) [GroupBy], 
       DATEDIFF(MICROSECOND, @Time2, GETDATE()) [SelfJoin] 

     SET @i = @i + 1 
    END 

IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM TempDB.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE Table_Name LIKE '#OverallResults%') 
    BEGIN 
     CREATE TABLE #OverallResults (GroupBy INT NOT NULL, SelfJoin INT NOT NULL, Iterations INT NOT NULL, Listings INT NOT NULL) 
    END 
INSERT INTO #OverallResults 
SELECT AVG(GroupBy) [Group By], 
     AVG(SelfJoin) [Self Join], 
     COUNT(*) [Iterations], 
     @Listings 
FROM #Results 

SELECT AVG(GroupBy) [Group By], 
     AVG(SelfJoin) [Self Join], 
     COUNT(*) [Iterations], 
     CONVERT(DECIMAL(5, 4), (AVG(GroupBy) - AVG(SelfJoin))/1000000.0) [Difference (Seconds)], 
     CONVERT(DECIMAL(4, 2), 100 * (1 - (1.0 * AVG(SelfJoin)/AVG(GroupBy)))) [Percent Faster] 
FROM #Results 

DROP TABLE #Listing 
DROP TABLE #results 

SELECT Records,  
     Iterations, 
     GroupBy [Group By], 
     SelfJoin [Self Join], 
     CONVERT(DECIMAL(5, 4), (GroupBy - SelfJoin)/1000000.0) [Difference (Seconds)], 
     CONVERT(DECIMAL(4, 2), 100 * (1 - (1.0 * SelfJoin/GroupBy))) [Percent Faster] 
FROM ( SELECT Listings * 4 [Records], 
        SUM(Iterations) [Iterations], 
        SUM(GroupBy * Iterations)/SUM(Iterations) [GroupBy], 
        SUM(SelfJoin * Iterations)/SUM(Iterations) [SelfJoin] 
      FROM #OverallResults 
      GROUP BY Listings 
     ) a

這可以通過不同的變量來反覆執行。我爲100,1000,10000,100000和1000000列表運行了這個列表，每列有500條select語句以獲得平均執行時間，這表明自上次加入的速度平均快了約60％，直到1,000,000個列表中的速度加快了95％。自我加入方式顯然是表現的贏家。

來源

2012-02-21 11:41:12 GarethD

Gareth，如何在不使用'IN'子句或其他一些最佳方式的情況下將MasterItem列表[Listing]的listingId連接到上面的ListingId？ – 2012-02-21 12:29:24

您可以使用'SELECT * FROM ListingMasterTable INNER JOIN（[MyAnswer]）b ON a.ListingID = b.ListingID'。以下內容仍然有效：'SELECT * FROM ListingMasterTable WHERE列表ID IN（[MyAnswer]）'它可能不是最有效的方法。圍繞IN和JOIN的優點討論很多文章。 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2577174/join-vs-subquery – GarethD 2012-02-21 12:47:39

這個查詢將需要一個完整的表掃描或一些完整的索引掃描，以及一個「GROUP BY」計數。您可能會說它效率更高，但在大多數情況下，帶有許多JOIN且沒有GROUP BY的查詢將比這更有效。因爲它需要一些索引搜索（但不包括整個索引，只有相關的部分，與整個索引相比可能很小）。 – 2012-02-21 12:59:59

你可以使用union和distinct很容易。如果您使用的是IN子句使用ListingId作爲另一個查詢的輸入您不必否則介意重複，您可以添加

SELECT DISTINCT ListingId FROM (
    SELECT 
    ListingId 
    ... -- the rest from below 
) AS Data

這裏的查詢來獲取上市（可能重複！）：

SELECT 
    ListingID 
FROM 
    TABLE_NAME 
WHERE 
    ExtrafieldId = 1 and Value = 1 
UNION ALL 
SELECT 
    ListingID 
FROM 
    TABLE_NAME 
WHERE 
    ExtrafieldId = 1 AND Value = 1 AND ExtrafieldId = 2 and Value = 7 
UNION ALL 
SELECT 
    ListingID 
FROM 
    TABLE_NAME 
WHERE 
    ExtrafieldId = 4 AND Value = 1999

來源

2012-02-21 11:53:19 Asken

中間的SELECT是毫無意義的。 'WHERE ExtrafieldId = 1 AND Value = 1 AND ExtrafieldId = 2和Value = 7'永遠不會返回任何結果 - 因爲如果Extrafield = 1那麼它不能等於2，所以條件永遠不會滿足。您還正在使用'UNION'來分隔獨立的WHERE子句。「OR」和圓括號同樣適用於更好的性能。 – GarethD 2012-02-21 12:03:55

SQL - 爲複雜動態行選擇查詢

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