我該如何強制Postfix使用端口587

Question

我試圖在運行raspbian的Raspberry Pi上設置Postfix郵件服務器，因爲我的ISP阻止了端口25我試圖在端口587上發送電子郵件，而我的/etc/postfix/master.cf看起來是這樣的：

# 
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format 
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master"). 
# 
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. 
# 
# ========================================================================== 
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args 
#    (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) 
# ========================================================================== 
#smtp  inet n  -  -  -  -  smtpd 
#smtp  inet n  -  -  -  1  postscreen 
#smtpd  pass -  -  -  -  -  smtpd 
#dnsblog unix -  -  -  -  0  dnsblog 
#tlsproxy unix -  -  -  -  0  tlsproxy 
#submission inet n  -  -  -  -  smtpd 
587  inet n  -  -  -  -  smtpd 
# -o syslog_name=postfix/submission 
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt 
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes 
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject 
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING 
#smtps  inet n  -  -  -  -  smtpd 
# -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps 
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes 
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes 
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject 
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING 
#628  inet n  -  -  -  -  qmqpd 
pickup fifo n  -  -  60  1  pickup 
cleanup unix n  -  -  -  0  cleanup 
qmgr  fifo n  -  n  300  1  qmgr 
#qmgr  fifo n  -  n  300  1  oqmgr 
tlsmgr unix -  -  -  1000? 1  tlsmgr 
rewrite unix -  -  -  -  -  trivial-rewrite 
bounce unix -  -  -  -  0  bounce 
defer  unix -  -  -  -  0  bounce 
trace  unix -  -  -  -  0  bounce 
verify unix -  -  -  -  1  verify 
flush  unix n  -  -  1000? 0  flush 
proxymap unix -  -  n  -  -  proxymap 
proxywrite unix -  -  n  -  1  proxymap 
smtp  unix -  -  -  -  -  smtp 
relay  unix -  -  -  -  -  smtp 
#  -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 
showq  unix n  -  -  -  -  showq 
error  unix -  -  -  -  -  error 
retry  unix -  -  -  -  -  error 
discard unix -  -  -  -  -  discard 
local  unix -  n  n  -  -  local 
virtual unix -  n  n  -  -  virtual 
lmtp  unix -  -  -  -  -  lmtp 
anvil  unix -  -  -  -  1  anvil 
scache unix -  -  -  -  1  scache 
# 
# ==================================================================== 
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual 
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. 
# 
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery 
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} 
# and other message envelope options. 
# ==================================================================== 
# 
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. 
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 
# 
maildrop unix -  n  n  -  -  pipe 
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} 
# 
# ==================================================================== 
# 
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. 
# 
# Specify in cyrus.conf: 
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 
# 
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: 
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost 
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost 
# 
# ==================================================================== 
# 
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) 
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 
# 
#cyrus  unix -  n  n  -  -  pipe 
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} 
# 
# ==================================================================== 
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus. 
# 
#old-cyrus unix -  n  n  -  -  pipe 
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} 
# 
# ==================================================================== 
# 
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. 
# 
uucp  unix -  n  n  -  -  pipe 
    flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) 
# 
# Other external delivery methods. 
# 
ifmail unix -  n  n  -  -  pipe 
    flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) 
bsmtp  unix -  n  n  -  -  pipe 
    flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient 
scalemail-backend unix -  n  n  -  2  pipe 
    flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} 
mailman unix -  n  n  -  -  pipe 
    flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} 

和/etc/postfix/main.cf文件是這樣的：

# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version 


# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first 
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default 
# is /etc/mailname. 
#myorigin = /etc/mailname 

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) 
biff = no 

# appending .domain is the MUA's job. 
append_dot_mydomain = no 

# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings 
#delay_warning_time = 4h 

readme_directory = no 

# TLS parameters 
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem 
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key 
smtpd_use_tls=yes 
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache 
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache 

# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for 
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. 

myhostname = sub.domain.com 
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases 
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases 
myorigin = /etc/mailname 
mydestination = sub.domain.com, domain.tk, localhost.localdomain, localhost 
relayhost = 
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 10.0.0.0/24 
mailbox_size_limit = 0 
recipient_delimiter = + 
inet_interfaces = all 
home_mailbox = Maildir/ 

最好的部分是，當我運行echo "test" | mail -s "test" example@gmail.com一些原因mailq返回此信息： 7BDE5677A 323 Tue Dec 29 14:05:12 pi@git (connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.141.26]:25: Connection timed out) example@gmail.com由於我的ISP阻止端口25，這封電子郵件永遠不會被髮送。那麼，有誰知道如何解決這個問題？

Answer 1

您無法更改連接到其他郵件服務器的端口。他們只在端口25上進行監聽，因爲這是SMTP建立的well-known port。如果您的ISP真正阻止了端口25上的傳出連接，那麼您將無法將郵件發送到其他服務器。我建議找一個新的ISP。

更常見的是ISP將阻止傳入端口25上的連接。這是因爲他們不希望您在您的帳戶上運行服務器。關於這一點你可以做的不多，因爲試圖連接到你的郵件服務器的外部服務器只會在端口25上這樣做。