您可以將一個可能的九個(或更多,gets
沒有邊界檢查)字符串添加到三個字符的字符串(其中包含四個字符並且沒有字符串終止符)。根本沒有字符串終止。因此,當您使用puts
進行打印時,它將繼續打印,直到找到一個字符串終止字符,這可能是在內存中的任何地方。這一點,在短,緩衝區溢出,和緩衝區溢出的學校書例如通常會導致未定義行爲這是你看到的。
在C和C++中,所有C風格的字符串都必須被終止。它們被特殊字符終止:'\0'
(或純粹的ASCII零)。您還需要在strcat
調用中爲目標字符串提供足夠的空間。
正確,工作程序:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main(void)
{
/* Size is 4 + 10 + 1, the last +1 for the string terminator */
char left[15] = "0000";
/* The initialization above sets the four first characters to '0'
* and properly terminates it by adding the (invisible) '\0' terminator
* which is included in the literal string.
*/
/* Space for ten characters, plus terminator */
char str[11];
/* Read string from user, with bounds-checking.
* Also check that something was truly read, as `fgets` returns
* `NULL` on error or other failure to read.
*/
if (fgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin) == NULL)
{
/* There might be an error */
if (ferror(stdin))
printf("Error reading input: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
/* Unfortunately `fgets` may leave the newline in the input string
* so we have to remove it.
* This is done by changing the newline to the string terminator.
*
* First check that the newline really is there though. This is done
* by first making sure there is something in the string (using `strlen`)
* and then to check if the last character is a newline. The use of `-1`
* is because strings like arrays starts their indexing at zero.
*/
if (strlen(str) > 0 && str[strlen(str) - 1] == '\n')
str[strlen(str) - 1] = '\0';
/* Here we know that `left` is currently four characters, and that `str`
* is at most ten characters (not including zero terminaton). Since the
* total length allocated for `left` is 15, we know that there is enough
* space in `left` to have `str` added to it.
*/
strcat(left, str);
/* Print the string */
printf("%s\n", left);
return 0;
}
你超越了緩衝區的末端。這確實是未定義的行爲。 –
函數[gets()](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1694036/why-is-the-gets-function-dangerous-why-should-it-not-be-used)被棄用和危險,不要不會使用它。 – this
left不是以零結尾的字符串。你需要定義 char left [5]; 然後在循環結束後添加[4] = 0; //注意0而不是'0' –