不那麼幹淨架構

Question

我試圖代碼在C++（C++ 11）根據由叔叔鮑伯馬丁（下圖）here描述的清潔體系結構概念的非常簡單的例子：

這個想法是由控制器讀取一些文本並由演示者打印。 我已經做了一些事情，但它看起來並不像它遵循清潔流程和博客帖子的DIP。我認爲流程是錯誤的，例如，IUseCaseInputPort需要知道IUseCaseOutputPort（讀取函數具有IUseCaseOutputPort作爲輸入參數，從而創建另一個依賴項...）。

我真的很感激，如果有人可以給我一些關於實現這個最好的方法的提示。 非常感謝提前。

#include <iostream> 
#include <string> 
#include <memory> 

class IUseCaseOutputPort { 
public: 
    virtual void print(std::string message) = 0; 
    virtual ~IUseCaseOutputPort() {}; 
}; 

// 2 Presenters 
class HtmlPresenter: public IUseCaseOutputPort { 
public: 
    void print(std::string message) { 
     std::cout << "<p>" << message << "</p>" << std::endl; 
    } 
}; 

class TextPresenter: public IUseCaseOutputPort { 
public: 
    void print(std::string message) { 
     std::cout << message << std::endl; 
    } 
}; 

// 
class IUseCaseInputPort { 
public: 
    virtual void read(std::shared_ptr<IUseCaseOutputPort> output) = 0; 
    virtual ~IUseCaseInputPort(){}; 
}; 

// specific UseCaseInteractor 
class UseCaseInteractorForInputFromStdIn: public IUseCaseInputPort { 
public: 
    void read(std::shared_ptr<IUseCaseOutputPort> output) { 
     std::string message; 
     std::cout << "Please input some text!"; 
     std::getline(std::cin, message); 
     output->print(message); 
    } 
}; 

// Controller 
class ControllerToDisplayHtml { 
public: 
    void displayInHtmlSomethingFromStdIn() { 
     input = std::make_shared<UseCaseInteractorForInputFromStdIn>(); 
     std::shared_ptr<HtmlPresenter> output = 
       std::make_shared<HtmlPresenter>(); 
     input->read(output); 
    } 
private: 
    std::shared_ptr<IUseCaseInputPort> input; 
}; 

int main() { 
    ControllerToDisplayHtml c; 
    c.displayInHtmlSomethingFromStdIn(); 
    return 0; 
} 

---

對於那些有興趣，如BЈовић建議的補充，我的問題。很簡單的例子。只是爲了展示這個模型的流程。

#include <iostream> 
#include <string> 
#include <memory> 
#include <fstream> 

class IUseCaseOutputPort { 
public: 
    virtual void print(std::string message) = 0; 
    virtual ~IUseCaseOutputPort() {}; 
}; 

// 2 Presenters 
class HtmlPresenter: public IUseCaseOutputPort { 
public: 
    void print(std::string message) { 
     std::cout << "<p>" << message << "</p>" << std::endl; 
    } 
}; 

class TextPresenter: public IUseCaseOutputPort { 
public: 
    void print(std::string message) { 
     std::cout << message << std::endl; 
    } 
}; 

// 
class IUseCaseInputPort { 
public: 
    virtual std::string read() = 0; 
    virtual ~IUseCaseInputPort(){}; 
}; 

// specific UseCaseInteractor for reading text from the stdin 
class UseCaseInteractorForInputFromStdIn: public IUseCaseInputPort { 
public: 
    std::string read() { 
     std::string message; 
     std::cout << "Please input some text!" << std::endl; 
     std::getline(std::cin, message); 
     return message; 
    } 
}; 

// specific UseCaseInteractor for reading text from a dummy file 
class UseCaseInteractorForInputFromDummyFile: public IUseCaseInputPort { 
public: 
    std::string read() { 
     const std::string filename = "/proc/meminfo"; 
     std::string message = readFile(filename); 
     return message; 
    } 
private: 
    std::string readFile(const std::string filename) { 
     std::string line; 
     std::string lines; 
     std::ifstream myfile(filename); 
     if (myfile.is_open()) { 
      while (myfile.good()) { 
       getline(myfile, line); 
       lines += line + '\n'; 
      } 
      myfile.close(); 
     } else { 
      lines = "Unable to open file"; 
     } 
     return lines; 
    } 
}; 

// Controller 
class ControllerForReading { 
public: 
    std::string readFromStdIn() { 
     input = std::make_shared<UseCaseInteractorForInputFromStdIn>(); 
     std::string out = "This text was read from the stdin:\n"; 
     out += input->read(); 
     return out; 
    } 
    std::string readFromFile() { 
     input = std::make_shared<UseCaseInteractorForInputFromDummyFile>(); 
     std::string out = "This text was read from the a file:\n"; 
     out += input->read(); 
     return out; 
    } 
private: 
    std::shared_ptr<IUseCaseInputPort> input; 
}; 

// main represents the outer shell 
int main() { 
    std::cout << "Main started!" << std::endl; 

    ControllerForReading c; 
    const std::string textFromStdin = c.readFromStdIn(); 
    const std::string textFromFile = c.readFromFile(); 

    auto output = std::make_shared<HtmlPresenter>(); 
    output->print(textFromStdin); 
    output->print(textFromFile); 

    auto output2 = std::make_shared<TextPresenter>(); 
    output2->print(textFromStdin); 
    output2->print(textFromFile); 

    std::cout << "Main ended!" << std::endl; 
    return 0; 
} 

Answer 1

除其他事項外，我認爲流動是錯誤的，例如，在IUseCaseInputPort需要了解的IUseCaseOutputPort（讀函數的IUseCaseOutputPort作爲輸入參數，從而創造另一個依賴... ）。

是的，這確實是錯誤的。獲取數據的方法不應該知道正在做什麼。

修復很簡單。更改IUseCaseInputPort::read方法返回而不是調用IUseCaseOutputPort的方法的結果，：

// 
class IUseCaseInputPort { 
public: 
    virtual std::string read() = 0; 
    virtual ~IUseCaseInputPort(){}; 
}; 

// specific UseCaseInteractor 
class UseCaseInteractorForInputFromStdIn: public IUseCaseInputPort { 
public: 
    std::string read() { 
     std::string message; 
     std::cout << "Please input some text!"; 
     std::getline(std::cin, message); 
     return message; 
    } 
}; 

// Controller 
class ControllerToDisplayHtml { 
public: 
    void displayInHtmlSomethingFromStdIn() { 
     input = std::make_shared<UseCaseInteractorForInputFromStdIn>(); 
     std::shared_ptr<HtmlPresenter> output = 
       std::make_shared<HtmlPresenter>(); 

     const std::string messageToOutput(input->read()); 
     output->print(messageToOutput); 
    } 
private: 
    std::shared_ptr<IUseCaseInputPort> input; 
}; 

---

一件事。您不應該在displayInHtmlSomethingFromStdIn()方法中創建輸入和輸出對象。相反，你應該使用某種依賴注入。這意味着，您可以在外部創建這些對象，並將它們傳遞給對象的指針或引用。