如何從MeSH本體提取同義詞？

Question

在我工作的這個層面，我需要從MeSH本體中提取一個類別同義詞。 我正在爲SPARQL查詢尋找正確的語法：他們如何將同義詞存儲在MeSH中？我如何提取它們？

Answer 1

我不確定你的意思是同義詞。但是在看了MeSH本體之後（從here下載）。我運行以下查詢列出所有的不同的謂詞：

SELECT DISTINCT ?p where { ?s ?p ?o } 

...我得到...

<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#historyNote> 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#considerAlso> 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#recordAuthorizer> 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#dateEstablished> 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#dateCreated> 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#onlineNote> 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#activeMeSHYear> 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#historyNote> 
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related> <<<--- 
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader> <<<--- 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#recordMaintainer> 
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote> 
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> 
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#preferredCombination> <<<--- 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#publicMeSHNote> 
<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> 
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#annotation> 
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#hiddenLabel> 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#recordOriginator> 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#runningHead> 
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2006#dateRevised> 

...與<<<---謂詞讓我猜資源之間的某種關係。

舉例來說，如果我們試圖與skos:related以下查詢：

PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> 
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> 
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> 

SELECT ?slabel ?olabel 
WHERE { 
    ?s skos:related ?o . 
    ?s skos:prefLabel ?slabel . 
    ?o skos:prefLabel ?olabel . 
} 

我們得到的東西像...

"Anesthetics" "Adjuvants, Anesthesia" 
"Prostatic Neoplasms" "Prostate-Specific Antigen" 
"Elbow" "Tennis Elbow" 
"Uterine Hemorrhage" "Menorrhagia" 
"Ecology" "Environmental Health" 
"Endocarditis, Bacterial" "Aneurysm, Infected" 
(.... and many more) 

如果您嘗試skos:broader用下面的查詢（省略前綴）。請注意，skos:broader用於定義的概念層次結構，因此具有不同的語義比skos:related

SELECT ?slabel ?olabel 
WHERE { 
    ?s skos:broader ?o . 
    ?s skos:prefLabel ?slabel . 
    ?o skos:prefLabel ?olabel . 
} 

你...

"Healthy People Programs" "Health Promotion" 
"Suggestion" "Hypnosis" 
"Sodium Iodide" "Iodides" 
"Unnecessary Procedures" "Health Services Misuse" 
"Bornanes" "Norbornanes" 
"Prajmaline" "Ajmaline" 
"Vestibular Nerve" "Vestibulocochlear Nerve" 
"Adenolymphoma" "Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed" 
"Child, Gifted" "Child, Exceptional" 
"Tooth Germ" "Tooth Components" 
"Breast Self-Examination" "Self-Examination" 
(... and many more) 

底線，如果你不知道的模式運行some exploratory queries並嘗試看看裏面有什麼。

編輯：查詢的OWL文件

@安全，我認爲你是對的，有沒有在你使用的OWL文件類之間的這種關係。

下面的查詢爲您提供所有的OWL類：

SELECT DISTINCT ?p WHERE { ?s a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> . } 

...這等人給任何類使用的所有謂詞：

SELECT DISTINCT ?p WHERE { 
    ?s a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> . 
    ?s ?p ?o } 

...這最後的查詢只回復：

<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> 
<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> 

其實在那個OWL文件中你只有這樣的東西：

<http://org.snu.bike/MeSH#antimony_sodium_gluconate> rdf:type owl:Class . 

和...

<http://org.snu.bike/MeSH#antimony_sodium_gluconate> rdfs:subClassOf <http://org.snu.bike/MeSH#gluconate>. 

這意味着，在該OWL文件中聲明的唯一的事情是分層次的類和沒有同義詞的聲明。

如果不知何故你想提取所有的子類做...

SELECT * WHERE { 
?subClass <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> ?upperClass 
}