Arduino的生成文件無法編譯

Question

我想用Makefile編譯我的Arduino文件/項目。但是我遇到了全局變量的問題。它說沒有宣佈。我下載的makefile來自github：https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile。

由於我沒有關於Arduino的經驗，我不明白可能是什麼問題。

我的錯誤代碼：

------------------------- 
    Arduino.mk Configuration: 
    - [AUTODETECTED] CURRENT_OS = LINUX 
    - [COMPUTED] ARDMK_DIR = /usr/share/arduino (relative to Common.mk) 
    - [USER] ARDUINO_DIR = /usr/share/arduino 
    - [AUTODETECTED] ARDUINO_VERSION = 105 
    - [DEFAULT] ARDUINO_SKETCHBOOK = /sketchbook 
    - [BUNDLED] AVR_TOOLS_DIR = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr (in Arduino distribution) 
    - [COMPUTED] ARDUINO_LIB_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/libraries (from ARDUINO_DIR) 
    - [DEFAULT] ARDUINO_CORE_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino 
    - [COMPUTED] ARDUINO_VAR_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/variants (from ARDUINO_DIR) 
    - [COMPUTED] BOARDS_TXT = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/boards.txt (from ARDUINO_DIR) 
    - [DEFAULT] USER_LIB_PATH = /sketchbook/libraries (in user sketchbook) 
    - [USER] BOARD_TAG = uno 
    - [COMPUTED] OBJDIR = build-uno (from BOARD_TAG) 
    - [ASSUMED] MONITOR_BAUDRATE = 9600 
    - [DEFAULT] OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = s 
    - [DEFAULT] MCU_FLAG_NAME = mmcu 
    - [DEFAULT] CFLAGS_STD = -std=gnu99 
    - [AUTODETECTED] Size utility: AVR-aware for enhanced output 
    - 
    - ARDUINO_LIBS = 
    - [SYSTEM] Wire 
    - [SYSTEM] EEPROM 
    - [SYSTEM] Esplora 
    - [SYSTEM] Ethernet 
    - [SYSTEM] Firmata 
    - [SYSTEM] GSM 
    - [SYSTEM] LiquidCrystal 
    - [SYSTEM] Robot_Control 
    - [SYSTEM] Robot_Motor 
    - [SYSTEM] SD 
    - [SYSTEM] Servo 
    - [SYSTEM] SoftwareSerial 
    - [SYSTEM] SPI 
    - [SYSTEM] Stepper 
    - [SYSTEM] TFT 
    - [SYSTEM] WiFi 
    - [SYSTEM] Wire 
    - [SYSTEM] Wire/utility 
    - [SYSTEM] Ethernet/utility 
    - [SYSTEM] Robot_Control/utility 
    - [SYSTEM] SD/utility 
    - [SYSTEM] TFT/utility 
    - [SYSTEM] WiFi/utility 
    - [SYSTEM] Wire/utility 
    - [COMPUTED] BOOTLOADER_PARENT = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/bootloaders (from ARDUINO_DIR) 
    ------------------------- 
    /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -mmcu=atmega328p -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/variants/standard -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Wire -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/EEPROM -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Esplora -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Ethernet -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Firmata -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/GSM -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/LiquidCrystal -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Robot_Control -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Robot_Motor -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Servo -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SoftwareSerial -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SPI -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Stepper -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/TFT -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/WiFi -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Wire -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Wire/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Ethernet/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Robot_Control/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/TFT/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/WiFi/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Wire/utility -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions main.cpp -o build-uno/main.o 
    main.cpp: In function 'void setup()': 
    main.cpp:17:16: error: 'OUTPUT' was not declared in this scope 
    pinMode(led, OUTPUT); 
    ^
    main.cpp:17:22: error: 'pinMode' was not declared in this scope 
    pinMode(led, OUTPUT); 
    ^
    main.cpp: In function 'void loop()': 
    main.cpp:23:30: error: 'analogWrite' was not declared in this scope 
    analogWrite(led, brightness); 
    ^
    main.cpp:33:11: error: 'delay' was not declared in this scope 
    delay(30); 
    ^
    make: *** [build-uno/main.o] Error 1 

Answer 1

Arduino的IDE做一些 「小品預處理」（見https://github.com/arduino/arduino-preprocessor#about-the-arduino-sketch-ino-preprocessing）是Arduino的文件也不。換句話說，在Arduino IDE嘗試編譯它之前，Arduino IDE會修改您的sketch.ino以將其轉換爲C++，而Arduino-Makefile會嘗試對其進行編譯而不做任何更改。

因此，Arduino-Makefile無法編譯一些使用Arduino IDE編譯得很好的草圖。通過手工完成這三個步驟通常會有訣竅：

1. 是否有很多源文件？如果是，將它們合併成一個文件。
2. 是#include <Arduino.h>位於單個源文件的頂部嗎？如果沒有，請添加它。
3. 使用前是否聲明瞭所有函數？如果不是，則添加前向聲明。

在你的情況下，它看起來就像是一個所需的步驟2（從你的編譯錯誤信息缺失的變量OUTPUT和missings功能Arduino.h聲明，請參閱https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/blob/master/hardware/arduino/avr/cores/arduino/Arduino.h）。

如果您打算繼續使用Arduino-Makefile，我會建議您習慣這些類型的錯誤，因爲您在網上發現的大多數草圖只會使用Arduino IDE進行測試。從好的方面來說，將它們轉換爲C++通常是微不足道的，而且很少費時，因爲Arduino草圖很少「大」。