Python中的數學函數Tkinter和錯誤消息

Question

我必須用Tkinter創建一個Python函數計算器，它可以處理2個變量並提供退出。還需要有一個錯誤消息。我已經制定了計算器並定義了功能，但沒有任何反應。此外，任何想法如何添加在錯誤消息。現在當你按下一個按鈕時，錯誤消息（插入函數的名稱）缺少1個需要的位置參數：'app'。我完全陷入困境，無法弄清楚。我顯然對此很新。我相信這很簡單。謝謝！

from tkinter import *  
from math import * 
app = Tk() 
app.title('Calculator') 
app.geometry('400x500') 

Label(app, text = "Welcome to Calculator 2013. Enjoy!").pack(padx = 10, pady = 10) 
Label(app, text = "Enter both of your variables and then pick your computations below.").pack(pady = 10) 

global var1, var2, total 
Label(text='First Variable').pack() 
var1 = Entry() 
var1.insert(0,0) 
var1.pack() 
Label(text='Final Variable').pack() 
var2 = Entry() 
var2.insert(0,0) 
var2.pack() 
Label(text='Total').pack() 
Total = Entry() 
Total.pack() 


def add(): 
    global var1, var2, total 
    first = float(var1.get()) 
    second = float(entry.get()) 
    total = first + second 
    total.delete(0,END) 
    total.insert(0, str(total))  
def subtract(app): 
    global var1, var2, total 
    first = float(var1.get()) 
    second = float(var2.get()) 
    total = first - second 
    total.delete(0,END) 
    total.insert(0, str(total)) 
def divide(app): 
    global var1, var2, total 
    first = float(var1.get()) 
    second = float(var2.get()) 
    total = first/second 
    total.delete(0,END) 
    total.insert(0, str(total)) 
def multiply(app): 
    global var1, var2, total 
    first = float(var1.get()) 
    second = float(var2.get()) 
    total = first * second 
    total.delete(0,END) 
    total.insert(0, str(total)) 
def clear(app): 
    global var1, var2, total 
    var1.delete(0,END) 
    var2.delete(0,END) 
    total.delete(0,END) 
def quit(app): 
    app.destroy() 


b_add = Button(app, text="+", bg="green", fg="black", width = 5, font=12, command = add).pack(side=LEFT) 
b_sub = Button(app, text="-", bg="red", fg="white", width = 5, font=12, command = subtract).pack(side=LEFT) 
b_sub = Button(app, text="*", bg="blue", fg="white", width = 5, font=12, command = multiply).pack(side=LEFT) 
b_div = Button(app, text="/", bg="yellow", fg="black", width = 5, font=12, command = divide).pack(side=LEFT) 
b_clear = Button(app, text="Clear", bg="black", fg="white", width = 5, font=12, command = clear).pack(side=LEFT) 
b_exit = Button(app, text="Exit?", bg="white", fg="red", width = 40, font=12, command = quit).pack(side=LEFT) 


app.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", quit) 
app.mainloop() 

Answer 1

錯誤消息「missing 1 required positional點：'app'。」源自你已經定義了大部分函數來接受名爲「app」的參數，但是當你按下一個按鈕時，你沒有傳入該參數。簡單的解決方案是從函數的定義中刪除app。

例如，做到這一點：

，而不是這樣的：

def multiply(app): 
    ...