Django的插入模型外鍵

Question

你好我想填充我與來自DBF文件數據Django應用程序，我試圖使物體，如djangobook

>>> p = Publisher(name='Apress', 
address='2855 Telegraph Ave.', 
city='Berkeley', 
state_province='CA', 
country='U.S.A.', 
website='http://www.apress.com/') 

>>> p.save() 

教我如何添加外密鑰和許多密鑰這種方式？

或者更好的方法？ dbf文件有成千上萬行，因此手動更新數據不是一個可行的方法。

這裏是我的models.py建議，每個模型almoust包括一個外鍵或多對多的領域，我有點卡住，因爲填充它們，我使用dbf2py庫來讀取foxpro數據庫，並希望使腳本用於導出數據

在此先感謝

from __future__ import unicode_literals 

from django.db import models 

class Terminos_pago(models.Model): 
    terminos = models.CharField(max_length = 20) 

    def __unicode__(self): 
     return self.terminos 



class Clientes(models.Model): 
    """docstring for Clientes""" 
    nombre = models.CharField(max_length=40) 
    direccion = models.CharField(max_length=70) 
    estado = models.CharField(max_length=16) 
    ciudad = models.CharField(max_length=30) 
    cp  = models.IntegerField() 
    kilometros= models.IntegerField() 
    rfc  = models.CharField(max_length=13 , null = True) 
    horas  = models.DecimalField(null = True,decimal_places = 2 , max_digits = 5) 
    terminos_pago = models.ForeignKey(Terminos_pago,null=True) 
    dias_de_credito = models.IntegerField(blank = True , null = True) 

    def __unicode__(self): 
     return u'%s %s' % (self.nombre , self.horas) 

class Contactos(models.Model): 
    """docstring for Contactos""" 
    nombre  = models.CharField(max_length=30) 
    departamento = models.CharField(max_length=16) 
    telefono  = models.CharField(max_length = 16) 
    extension = models.IntegerField() 
    email  = models.EmailField(blank = True) 
    cliente  = models.ForeignKey(Clientes) 

    def __unicode__(self): 
     return self.nombre  


class Maquinas(models.Model): 
    """docstring for Maquinas""" 
    contacto  = models.ForeignKey(Contactos , null = True) 
    id_usuario  = models.CharField(max_length=13 , null = True , blank = True) 
    fabricante  = models.CharField(max_length=15) 
    no_serie  = models.CharField(max_length=10) 
    modelo   = models.CharField(max_length=10) 
    rango_x  = models.IntegerField() 
    rango_y  = models.IntegerField() 
    rango_z  = models.IntegerField() 
    mppl   = models.IntegerField() 
    mppe   = models.IntegerField() 
    probe_type  = models.CharField(max_length=10) 
    probe_head  = models.CharField(max_length=16) 
    probe_serial = models.CharField(max_length=15) 
    extension  = models.IntegerField(blank = True , null = True) 
    version_software=models.CharField(max_length=15) 
    version_firmware=models.CharField(max_length=15) 
    controlador = models.CharField(max_length=10) 
    accesorios  = models.CharField(max_length=15 , null = True , blank = True) 
    driver_software= models.CharField(max_length=15) 
    modelo_computadora=models.CharField(max_length=10) 
    fecha_fabricacion = models.DateField(blank=True , null = True) 
    diametro_stylus= models.IntegerField() 

    def __unicode__(self): 
     return u'%s %s %s %s ' % (self.modelo , self.fabricante , self.contacto.nombre , self.contacto.cliente.nombre) 

class Servicios(models.Model): 
    """docstring for Servicios""" 
    servicio = models.CharField(max_length = 20) 

    def __unicode__(self): 
     return self.servicio 

class ListaPrecios(models.Model): 
    """docstring for ListaPrecios""" 
    fecha   = models.DateField(null = True) 
    horas   = models.IntegerField() 
    horas_extra = models.IntegerField() 
    horas_viaje = models.IntegerField(null = True) 
    kilometros  = models.IntegerField() 
    hotel   = models.IntegerField() 
    manuales  = models.IntegerField() 
    traslados  = models.IntegerField() 
    avion   = models.IntegerField() 
    sobre_equipaje = models.IntegerField() 
    renta_auto  = models.IntegerField() 
    papeleria  = models.IntegerField() 

    def __unicode__(self): 
     return str(self.fecha) 



class Ingenieros(models.Model): 
    """docstring for Ingenieros""" 
    nombre  = models.CharField(max_length=20) 
    referencia = models.CharField(max_length=4) 
    telefono = models.CharField(max_length = 16) 
    email  = models.EmailField(null = True)   

    def __unicode__(self): 
     return self.nombre 

class Cotizacion(models.Model): 
    """docstring for Cotizacion""" 
    fecha   = models.DateField() 
    contacto  = models.ForeignKey(Contactos , null = True) 
    servicio  = models.ManyToManyField(Servicios) 
    maquinas  = models.ManyToManyField(Maquinas) 
    horas   = models.IntegerField() 
    horas_extra = models.IntegerField(blank=True ,null = True) 
    #horas_viaje = models.IntegerField() 
    viajes   = models.IntegerField() 
    hotel   = models.IntegerField(blank=True ,null = True) 
    manuales  = models.IntegerField(blank=True ,null = True) 
    traslados  = models.IntegerField(blank=True ,null = True) 
    aviones  = models.IntegerField(blank=True ,null = True) 
    sobre_equipaje = models.IntegerField(blank=True ,null = True) 
    renta_auto  = models.IntegerField(blank=True ,null = True) 
    papeleria  = models.IntegerField(blank=True ,null = True) 
    importe  = models.IntegerField(blank = True , null = True) 
    iva   = models.DecimalField(decimal_places = 2 , max_digits = 5 ,blank = True , default = 0.16) 
    observaciones = models.CharField(blank=True ,max_length = 255, null = True) 
    SA    = models.NullBooleanField() 
    tipo_cambio = models.DecimalField(decimal_places = 2 , max_digits = 5, blank = True , null = True) 

    def __unicode__(self): 
     return u'%s %s %s %s' % (self.fecha , self.contacto.cliente.nombre , self.contacto.nombre ,self.servicio) 

class Ordenes_de_servicio(models.Model): 
    """docstring for Ordenes_de_trabajo""" 
    fecha    = models.DateField(null = True) 
    ingeniero   = models.ManyToManyField(Ingenieros) 
    observaciones  = models.CharField(max_length = 255,null = True , blank = True) 
    viaticos   = models.IntegerField() 
    orden_compra  = models.CharField(max_length = 15) 
    orden_compra_interna = models.IntegerField(blank = True , null = True)  
    fecha_servicio  = models.DateField(null = True) 
    viaticos_pagados = models.NullBooleanField() 
    cotizacion   = models.ForeignKey(Cotizacion,null = True) 
    mail_enviado  = models.IntegerField(null=True,blank=True,default=0) 
    fecha_mail_enviado = models.DateField(null=True , blank = True) 
    contacto_servicio = models.ForeignKey(Contactos , null = True) 




    def __unicode__(self): 
     return u'%s %s' % (self.fecha,self.ingeniero) 

class Factura(models.Model): 
    """docstring for Factura""" 
    fecha = models.DateField()  
    orden_servicio = models.ForeignKey(Ordenes_de_servicio) 
    descripcion = models.CharField(max_length=255,null = True , blank = True) 
    pagada   = models.NullBooleanField() 


    def __unicode__(self): 
     return u'%s %s %s' % (self.orden_servicio.cotizacion.contacto.cliente.nombre , self.orden_servicio , self.fecha) 

Answer 1

嘗試，包括你的models.py，而你做到這一點看看One-toMany爲Many-to-many relationship

當你確定模型中的關係（即ForeignKey，OneToOneField或ManyToManyField）中，該模型的實例將具有訪問相關對象的方便的API。

以模型爲例，Entry對象e可以通過訪問blog屬性獲取其關聯的Blog對象：e.blog。

（在幕後，這個功能是由Python的描述來實現這應該不是真正的問題給你。）

的Django也爲關係的「其他」側創建API存取 - 從相關鏈接模型定義爲定義關係的模型。例如，博客對象b可以通過entry_set屬性訪問所有相關Entry對象的列表：b.entry_set.all()。

這是直接從我上面給的鏈接，所以訪問鏈接並讀取深

如果模型有一個ForeignKey，這種模式的情況下，將通過一個簡單的屬性有機會獲得相關的（外國）對象的模型。

例子：

>>> e = Entry.objects.get(id=2) 
>>> e.blog # Returns the related Blog object. 

你可以得到，並通過外鍵屬性設置。如您所料，在調用save（）之前，對外鍵的更改不會保存到數據庫。例如：

>>> e = Entry.objects.get(id=2) 
>>> e.blog = some_blog 
>>> e.save()