我現在在Erlang做實驗,這是我第一次寫Erlang。我有一個initial_state函數應該爲聊天程序中的客戶端設置初始狀態。但是如果你沒有任何東西來存儲它,像Java或C中那樣,那麼設置這個初始狀態又有什麼意義呢?我的意思是感覺就像我剛剛創建初始狀態,然後扔掉它。那是什麼意思?我想在某個地方存儲它,以便以後使用它。Erlang,爲什麼它沒有全局變量和記錄?
initial_state(Nick,GUIName) - > #cl_st {gui = GUIName}。
我現在在Erlang做實驗,這是我第一次寫Erlang。我有一個initial_state函數應該爲聊天程序中的客戶端設置初始狀態。但是如果你沒有任何東西來存儲它,像Java或C中那樣,那麼設置這個初始狀態又有什麼意義呢?我的意思是感覺就像我剛剛創建初始狀態,然後扔掉它。那是什麼意思?我想在某個地方存儲它,以便以後使用它。Erlang,爲什麼它沒有全局變量和記錄?
initial_state(Nick,GUIName) - > #cl_st {gui = GUIName}。
你的問題缺乏一些上下文,讓整個模塊給出一個好的答案可能是有用的。
無論如何,你所顯示的功能是相當簡單的,它是一個返回客戶端狀態記錄的函數,其中的字段gui等於GUIName。
該函數看起來很奇怪,因爲它有2個參數,並且參數Nick未被使用。
在erlang中只有局部變量,它們屬於一個進程,不能與另一個進程共享。這意味着兩件事:
這是通常的服務器分割成一個初始化函數,一些回調和接口功能和無限循環。我想這是對OTP的gen_server行爲的一個很好的介紹。我能想象,以配合您的代碼的方式:
%% the record state definition, it will include
%% the client nickname,
%% the gui name (or pid ?)
%% the client cart with a default value equals to the empty list
-record(cl_st,{nick,gui,cart=[]}).
initial_state(Nick, GUIName) ->
%% the role of this function could be to start processes such as the gui
%% and return the initial state
%% add some code to start the gui
#cl_st { gui = GUIName, nick = Nick}.
%% an example of an interface function to add some item to the client cart
%% it simply pack the parameters into a tuple and send it to the server
%% Note that the server is identified by its pid, so somwhere there must be a unique
%% server that keep the list of all clients and their server pid
add_to_cart(Pid,Item,Price,Quantity) ->
Pid ! {add_to_cart,Item,Price,Quantity}.
%% this function calls the init function, starts the server in a new process (usage of spawn) with the
%% initial state and returns the server pid
start(Nick,GUIName) ->
State = initial_state(Nick, GUIName),
spawn(?MODULE,cl_loop,[State]).
stop(Pid) ->
Pid ! stop.
%% the server loop
%% this example manages 2 kind of messages
cl_loop(State) ->
receive
%% add to cart simply builds a tuple made of item, price and quantity and add it to a list
%% of tuple representing the cart content.
%% it calls itself recursively with a new state as parameter where the old cart
%% is replaced by the new one
{add_to_cart,Item,Price,Quantity} ->
NewCart = [{Item,Price,Quantity}|State#cl_st.cart],
cl_loop(State#cl_st{cart=NewCart});
%% to stop the server, it calls the terminate callback function and does not call itself recursively
stop ->
terminate(State);
%% other messages are ignored, the server simply calls itself with an unchanged state
Ignored ->
cl_loop(State)
end.
%% a callback function to terminate the server properly
terminate(State#cl_st{gui = GUIName, nick = Nick}) ->
%% some code to stop the gui
{stopped_client, Nick}.
(它必須有錯誤的代碼,我甚至沒有編譯)
你有沒有試着問這樣的問題之前閱讀任何教程? –
將狀態傳遞給需要它的所有事物。這在Java/C中也是很好的做法。 –