鏈接器錯誤 - 未定義的符號std :: string :: c_str（）常量在macos與libboost_thread？

Question

我在macos小牛隊中從homebrew安裝了boost 1.55.0。獲取鏈接器異常 - 找不到std :: string :: c_str（），我不明白爲什麼。這可能是自制軟件的問題嗎？我試着直接從boost編譯boost 1.55.0，它甚至不建立在macos上。

的代碼這一點：

#include <iostream> 
#include <unordered_map> 
#include <vector> 
#include <boost/thread/tss.hpp> 

typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> StringMap; 
static boost::thread_specific_ptr<std::vector<StringMap*>> rlist; 


int main() 
{ 
    return 0; 
} 

使用此命令行編譯：

g++ -std=c++11 main.cpp -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lboost_thread -lboost_system -lboost_atomic -lboost_log -lstdc++ 

拋出此鏈接異常：

Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: 
    "std::string::c_str() const", referenced from: 
     boost::system::system_error::what() const in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
    "std::string::empty() const", referenced from: 
     boost::system::system_error::what() const in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
    "std::allocator<char>::allocator()", referenced from: 
     boost::system::system_error::system_error(boost::system::error_code, char const*) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::system::(anonymous namespace)::generic_error_category::message(int) const in libboost_system.a(error_code.o) 
    "std::allocator<char>::~allocator()", referenced from: 
     boost::system::system_error::system_error(boost::system::error_code, char const*) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::system::(anonymous namespace)::generic_error_category::message(int) const in libboost_system.a(error_code.o) 
    "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)", referenced from: 
     boost::system::system_error::system_error(boost::system::error_code, char const*) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::system::(anonymous namespace)::generic_error_category::message(int) const in libboost_system.a(error_code.o) 
    "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::string const&)", referenced from: 
     boost::thread_exception::thread_exception(boost::thread_exception const&) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::condition_error::condition_error(boost::condition_error const&) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::system::(anonymous namespace)::generic_error_category::message(int) const in libboost_system.a(error_code.o) 
    "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string()", referenced from: 
     boost::system::system_error::system_error(boost::system::error_code, char const*) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::system::(anonymous namespace)::generic_error_category::message(int) const in libboost_system.a(error_code.o) 
    "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()", referenced from: 
     boost::system::system_error::what() const in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::system::system_error::~system_error() in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::system::system_error::~system_error() in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::thread_exception::~thread_exception() in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::thread_exception::~thread_exception() in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::thread_resource_error::~thread_resource_error() in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::thread_resource_error::~thread_resource_error() in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     ... 
    "std::string::operator=(char const*)", referenced from: 
     boost::system::system_error::what() const in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     boost::system::(anonymous namespace)::generic_error_category::message(int) const in libboost_system.a(error_code.o) 
    "std::string::operator+=(char const*)", referenced from: 
     boost::system::system_error::what() const in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
    "std::string::operator+=(std::string const&)", referenced from: 
     boost::system::system_error::what() const in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
    "std::runtime_error::runtime_error(std::string const&)", referenced from: 
     boost::system::system_error::system_error(boost::system::error_code, char const*) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
    "std::_Rb_tree_decrement(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*)", referenced from: 
     std::_Rb_tree<void const*, std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >, std::less<void const*>, std::allocator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> > >::_M_insert_unique(std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> const&) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
    "std::_Rb_tree_increment(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*)", referenced from: 
     _tls_destructor in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     std::_Rb_tree<void const*, std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >, std::less<void const*>, std::allocator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> > >::erase(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >, std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
    "std::__throw_length_error(char const*)", referenced from: 
     std::vector<std::pair<boost::condition_variable*, boost::mutex*>, std::allocator<std::pair<boost::condition_variable*, boost::mutex*> > >::_M_insert_aux(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::pair<boost::condition_variable*, boost::mutex*>*, std::vector<std::pair<boost::condition_variable*, boost::mutex*>, std::allocator<std::pair<boost::condition_variable*, boost::mutex*> > > >, std::pair<boost::condition_variable*, boost::mutex*> const&) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
    "std::_Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base&)", referenced from: 
     _tls_destructor in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
     std::_Rb_tree<void const*, std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >, std::less<void const*>, std::allocator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> > >::erase(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >, std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
    "std::_Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(bool, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base&)", referenced from: 
     std::_Rb_tree<void const*, std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >, std::less<void const*>, std::allocator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> > >::_M_insert_unique(std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> const&) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) 
l 

Answer 1

我的精神力量說：

• g++您的系統實際上是鐺，默認配置爲使用libc++。這是Mac上的常用配置。
• 自制增壓發行版編譯爲libstdc++，也許是真正的g ++。

這兩個標準庫不是二進制兼容的，因此鏈接器錯誤。要解決這個問題，請將-stdlib=libstdc++傳遞給您的鏗鏘聲+ g的服裝，或者獲取實際的GCC（Homebrew應該有一個發行版）或build boost with libc++。

攝製&演示：

$ cat 1.cpp 
#include <string> 
#include <iostream> 
int main() { 
    std::string s("Blah"); 
    std::cout << s << std::endl; 
} 

$ g++ -v 
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1 
Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.40) (based on LLVM 3.4svn) 
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.2.0 
Thread model: posix 
$ g++ 1.cpp -c -stdlib=libstdc++ -o 1.o 
$ g++ 1.o -lstdc++ 
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: 
    "std::allocator<char>::allocator()", referenced from: 
     _main in 1.o 
    "std::allocator<char>::~allocator()", referenced from: 
     _main in 1.o 
    "std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))", referenced from: 
     _main in 1.o 
    "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)", referenced from: 
     _main in 1.o 
    "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()", referenced from: 
     _main in 1.o 
    "std::ios_base::Init::Init()", referenced from: 
     ___cxx_global_var_init in 1.o 
    "std::ios_base::Init::~Init()", referenced from: 
     ___cxx_global_var_init in 1.o 
    "std::cout", referenced from: 
     _main in 1.o 
    "std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::endl<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&)", referenced from: 
     _main in 1.o 
    "std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<<<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)", referenced from: 
     _main in 1.o 
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64 
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation) 

$ g++ -stdlib=libstdc++ 1.o && ./a.out 
Blah