如何使用matplotlib製作學生風格的圖表？

Question

我現在正在用matplotlib進行試驗。前段時間，我使用Excel VBA代碼來生成附加的圖像。

您會注意到它不是以科學/研究風格呈現，而是彷彿由學校學生在方格紙上製作 - 具有三種不同的網格線樣式。

是否有一個相當直接的方式來實現matplotlib這種事情？

Answer 1

是的，你可以使用spines這一點。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator, FormatStrFormatter 
import numpy as np 

fig = plt.figure(1) 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111) 

# set up axis 
ax.spines['left'].set_position('zero') 
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none') 
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('zero') 
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none') 
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom') 
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left') 

# draw curve 
x = np.arange(-2.5,2.5,0.01) 
line, = ax.plot(x, x**2) 

#set bounds 
ax.set_ybound(-1,7) 

# create grid 
#ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1)) 
#ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(0.2)) 
#ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1)) 
#ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(0.2)) 
#ax.xaxis.grid(True,'minor') 
#ax.yaxis.grid(True,'minor') 
#ax.xaxis.grid(True,'major',linewidth=2) 
#ax.yaxis.grid(True,'major',linewidth=2) 

#adjust grid on the 2s 
#for idx,loc in enumerate(ax.xaxis.get_majorticklocs()): 
    #if loc !=0 and loc % 2 == 0: ax.get_xgridlines()[idx].set_c('r') 
#for idx,loc in enumerate(ax.yaxis.get_majorticklocs()): 
    #if loc !=0 and loc % 2 == 0: ax.get_ygridlines()[idx].set_c('r') 

## THIS IS THE EDIT 
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(0.2)) 
ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(0.2)) 
ax.xaxis.grid(True,'minor',linewidth=2) 
ax.yaxis.grid(True,'minor',linewidth=2) 

minor_grid_lines = [tick.gridline for tick in ax.xaxis.get_minor_ticks()] 
for idx,loc in enumerate(ax.xaxis.get_minorticklocs()): 
    if loc % 2.0 == 0: minor_grid_lines[idx].set_c('r') 
    elif loc % 1.0 == 0: minor_grid_lines[idx].set_c('g') 
    else: minor_grid_lines[idx].set_c('b') 

plt.show() 

​​

Answer 2

又一個想法 - 我也試圖與次要網格線（二話不說它會幫助我的理解）做這一切，但它不枚舉正確，毫無疑問，由於get_minorticklocs和ax.get_xgridlines。對不起，並在此先感謝...

格迪斯

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator, FormatStrFormatter 
import numpy as np 

fig = plt.figure(1) 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111) 

# set up axis 
ax.spines['left'].set_position('zero') 
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none') 
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('zero') 
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none') 
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom') 
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left') 

# draw curve 
x = np.arange(-2.5,2.5,0.01) 
line, = ax.plot(x, x**2) 

#set bounds 
ax.set_ybound(-1,7) 

# create grid 
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(0.2)) 
ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(0.2)) 
ax.xaxis.grid(True,'minor',linewidth=2) 
ax.yaxis.grid(True,'minor',linewidth=2) 

#adjust grid on the 2s 
for idx,loc in enumerate(ax.xaxis.get_minorticklocs()): 
    if loc % 2 == 0: ax.get_xgridlines()[idx].set_color('r') 
    if loc % 1 == 0: ax.get_xgridlines()[idx].set_color('g') 
    if loc % 0.2 == 0: ax.get_xgridlines()[idx].set_color('b') 

for idx,loc in enumerate(ax.yaxis.get_majorticklocs()): 
    if loc % 2 == 0: ax.get_ygridlines()[idx].set_c('b') 

plt.savefig('spines3.png',dpi=300) 

Answer 3

這是上面的接受的答案的修改版本。 也許有人會覺得這有幫助

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator, FormatStrFormatter 
import numpy as np 
from matplotlib.ticker import FormatStrFormatter 

_fontsize_legend = 10 
_fontsize = 15 

DP = 2 

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 12), dpi=100, facecolor='w', edgecolor='k') 
##fig = plt.figure() 
fig.canvas.draw() 
ax = plt.gca() 

# set up axis 
ax.spines['left'].set_position('zero') 
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none') 
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('zero') 
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none') 
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom') 
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left') 

# draw curve 
x = np.arange(-2.5,2.5,0.01) 
line, = ax.plot(x, x**2) 

#set bounds 
ax.set_ybound(-1,7) 

## THIS IS THE EDIT 
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1/4)) 
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1/4)) 
ax.xaxis.grid(True,'major',linewidth=2/DP,linestyle='-',color='#d7d7d7',zorder=0) 
ax.yaxis.grid(True,'major',linewidth=2/DP,linestyle='-',color='#d7d7d7') 

ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator((1/4)/5)) 
ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator((1/4)/5)) 
ax.xaxis.grid(True,'minor',linewidth=0.5/DP,linestyle='-',color='#d7d7d7') 
ax.yaxis.grid(True,'minor',linewidth=0.5/DP,linestyle='-',color='#d7d7d7') 

ax.set_axisbelow(True) 
ax.set_aspect('equal') 

##ax.axhline(linewidth=0) 
##ax.axvline(linewidth=0) 

ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%i')) 
xticks = ax.xaxis.get_major_ticks() 
for i,l in enumerate(xticks): 
    if not (i - 1) % 4 == 0: 
     xticks[i].label1.set_visible(False) 
    else: 
     xticks[i].label1.set_fontsize(_fontsize) 

ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%i')) 
yticks = ax.yaxis.get_major_ticks() 
for i,l in enumerate(yticks): 
    if not (i - 1) % 4 == 0: 
     yticks[i].label1.set_visible(False) 
    else: 
     yticks[i].label1.set_fontsize(_fontsize)  

figManager = plt.get_current_fig_manager() 
figManager.window.showMaximized() 
plt.show() 

This is how this sample looks [picture]