在/ admin /的字段錯誤 - 爲UserProfile指定的未知字段（added_on）

Question

我在Django中使用自定義用戶模型。該模型工作正常，並能夠創建一個用戶。但是，當我嘗試訪問管理頁面，它拋出我的錯誤

FieldError at /admin/ 
Unknown field(s) (added_on) specified for UserProfile 

的UserProfile有added_on屬性。我想不出爲什麼會有這種表現。如果我從admin.py文件中刪除added_on屬性，則管理面板將起作用。

這裏是我的models.py

from django.db import models 
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser 
from django.conf import settings 

class UserProfileManager(BaseUserManager): 
    def create_user(self, email, username, name, password=None): 
     if not email: 
      raise ValueError('Users must have an email address') 

     user = self.model(
      username=username, 
      name=name, 
      email=self.normalize_email(email), 
     ) 

     user.set_password(password) 
     user.save(using=self._db) 
     return user 

    def create_superuser(self, email, username, name, password): 
     user = self.create_user(email=email, 
       password=password, 
       username=username, 
       name=name 
      ) 
     user.is_admin = True 
     user.save(using=self._db) 
     return user 


class UserProfile(AbstractBaseUser): 
    SHOPPER = 1 
    TECH_ENTHU = 2 
    TECH_JUNKIE = 3 
    TECH_NINJA = 4 
    TECH_GURU = 5 
    LEVELS = (
     (SHOPPER, 'Shopper'), 
     (TECH_ENTHU, 'Tech Enthusiast'), 
     (TECH_JUNKIE, 'Tech Junkie'), 
     (TECH_NINJA, 'Tech Ninja'), 
     (TECH_GURU, 'Tech Guru') 
    ) 

    email = models.EmailField(max_length=255, unique=True) 
    username = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True) 
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255) 
    location = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True) 
    website = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True) 
    image_1 = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True) 
    image_2 = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True) 
    image_3 = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True) 
    points = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0) 
    level = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(choices=LEVELS, default=SHOPPER) 
    added_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) 

    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) 
    is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) 

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' 
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['username', 'name'] 

    objects = UserProfileManager() 

    def get_full_name(self): 
     return self.name 

    def get_short_name(self): 
     return self.name 

    def __unicode__(self): 
     return self.email 

    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None): 
     return True 

    def has_module_perms(self, app_label): 
     return True 

    @property 
    def is_staff(self): 
     return self.is_admin 


class OldUser(models.Model): 
    old_user_id = models.BigIntegerField() 
    user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL) 
    converted = models.BooleanField(default=False) 

這裏是我的admin.py

from django import forms 
from django.contrib import admin 
from django.contrib.auth.models import Group 
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin 
from django.contrib.auth.forms import ReadOnlyPasswordHashField 

from users.models import UserProfile 

class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm): 
    """A form for creating new users. Includes all the required 
    fields, plus a repeated password.""" 
    password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput) 
    password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput) 

    class Meta: 
     model = UserProfile 
     fields = ('username', 'name') 

    def clean_password2(self): 
     # Check that the two password entries match 
     password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1") 
     password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2") 
     if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2: 
      raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match") 
     return password2 

    def save(self, commit=True): 
     # Save the provided password in hashed format 
     user = super(UserCreationForm, self).save(commit=False) 
     user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"]) 
     if commit: 
      user.save() 
     return user 


class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm): 
    """A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on 
    the user, but replaces the password field with admin's 
    password hash display field. 
    """ 
    password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField() 

    class Meta: 
     model = UserProfile 
     fields = ('email', 'password', 'username', 'name', 'location', 'website', 'image_1', 'image_2', 'image_3', 
        'points', 'level', 'added_on', 'is_active', 'is_admin') 

    def clean_password(self): 
     # Regardless of what the user provides, return the initial value. 
     # This is done here, rather than on the field, because the 
     # field does not have access to the initial value 
     return self.initial["password"] 


class UserProfileAdmin(UserAdmin): 
    # The forms to add and change user instances 
    form = UserChangeForm 
    add_form = UserCreationForm 

    # The fields to be used in displaying the User model. 
    # These override the definitions on the base UserAdmin 
    # that reference specific fields on auth.User. 
    list_display = ('email', 'username', 'name', 'points', 'level', 'is_admin') 
    list_filter = ('is_admin',) 
    fieldsets = (
     (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}), 
     ('Personal info', {'fields': ('username', 'name', 'location', 'website', 'image_1', 'image_2', 'image_3', 
          'points', 'level', 'added_on')}), 
     ('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin',)}), 
    ) 
    # add_fieldsets is not a standard ModelAdmin attribute. UserAdmin 
    # overrides get_fieldsets to use this attribute when creating a user. 
    add_fieldsets = (
     (None, { 
      'classes': ('wide',), 
      'fields': ('email', 'username', 'name', 'password1', 'password2')} 
     ), 
    ) 
    search_fields = ('email',) 
    ordering = ('email',) 
    filter_horizontal =() 

admin.site.register(UserProfile, UserProfileAdmin) 
# Since we're not using Django's built-in permissions, 
# unregister the Group model from admin. 
admin.site.unregister(Group) 

這裏是回溯

Environment: 


Request Method: GET 
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/ 

Django Version: 1.6.2 
Python Version: 2.7.3 
Installed Applications: 
('django.contrib.admin', 
'django.contrib.auth', 
'django.contrib.contenttypes', 
'django.contrib.sessions', 
'django.contrib.messages', 
'django.contrib.staticfiles', 
'users') 
Installed Middleware: 
('django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware') 


Traceback: 
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response 
    101.     resolver_match = resolver.resolve(request.path_info) 
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in resolve 
    318.    for pattern in self.url_patterns: 
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in url_patterns 
    346.   patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module) 
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in urlconf_module 
    341.    self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name) 
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/importlib.py" in import_module 
    40.   __import__(name) 
File "/home/jaskaran/coding/buyingiq/authentication/authentication/urls.py" in <module> 
    4. admin.autodiscover() 
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/__init__.py" in autodiscover 
    29.    import_module('%s.admin' % app) 
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/importlib.py" in import_module 
    40.   __import__(name) 
File "/home/jaskaran/coding/buyingiq/authentication/users/admin.py" in <module> 
    36. class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm): 
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/forms/models.py" in __new__ 
    292.     raise FieldError(message) 

Exception Type: FieldError at /admin/ 
Exception Value: Unknown field(s) (added_on) specified for UserProfile 

Answer 1

你的問題是該領域的auto_now_add=True。查看該documentation for DateField調：

注意的是，當前的日期是用於總是;這不僅是您可以覆蓋的默認值。

和

當前實現，設置auto_now或auto_now_add到True將導致該字段有editable=False和blank=True集。

由於可編輯= False，因此不能將其包含在該表單的字段列表中（當然，您可以將其放入readonly_fields中）。

如果你想要的值取創建日期作爲默認，但仍然允許它進行編輯和重寫，你應該使用default代替：

added_on = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now) 

（側面說明，你應該總是使用可調用爲默認值，不帶調用括號）。