如何gitignore *只*文件？

Question

我很驚訝像。* .user這樣的簡單模式似乎與文件和文件夾名稱匹配.gitignore文件。

ringods$ mkdir TestIgnore 
ringods$ cd TestIgnore/ 
ringods$ git init 
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/ringods/Projects/hostbasket/TestIgnore/.git/ 
ringods$ git status 
# On branch master 
# 
# Initial commit 
# 
nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track) 
ringods$ mkdir security.user 
ringods$ touch security.user/file_may_not_be_ignored.txt 
ringods$ git status 
# On branch master 
# 
# Initial commit 
# 
# Untracked files: 
# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) 
# 
# security.user/ 
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track) 
ringods$ echo "*.user"> .gitignore 
ringods$ cat .gitignore 
*.user 
ringods$ git status 
# On branch master 
# 
# Initial commit 
# 
# Untracked files: 
# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) 
# 
# .gitignore 
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track) 

我有錯誤的期望嗎？我怎麼能寫一個簡單的忽略文件擴展名爲blah，並阻止文件夾結尾.blah被匹配？

gitignore man page提到沒有使用shell glob模式功能匹配模式，但它並沒有真正地告訴我它是否僅匹配文件或文件和目錄。

Answer 1

.gitignore模式只匹配目錄條目或路徑。沒有具體的方式來說「只匹配一個普通的文件」，但是如果你提供一個尾隨/那麼這個模式只會匹配一個目錄。你可以用它來匹配非目錄（這幾乎是你想要的），有兩種模式：

*.user  # ignore all paths ending in '.user' 
!*.user/ # but don't ignore these paths if they are directories.