Python紐約時報網絡伸縮錯誤（「字節到字符串」）

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這是我從網上獲得的代碼，當我執行它時，它說下面的錯誤，我是新的網頁抓取，所以完全混淆它。任何人都可以告訴我我的代碼出錯了嗎？謝謝你的幫助！Python紐約時報網絡伸縮錯誤（「字節到字符串」）

from nytimesarticle import articleAPI 
api = articleAPI('a0de895aa110431eb2344303c7105a9f') 


articles = api.search(q = 'Obama', 
    fq = {'headline':'Obama', 'source':['Reuters','AP', 'The New York Times']}, 
    begin_date = 20111231) 


def parse_articles(articles): 
    news = [] 
    for i in articles['response']['docs']: 
     dic = {} 
     dic['id'] = i['_id'] 
     if i['abstract'] is not None: 
      dic['abstract'] = i['abstract'].encode("utf8") 
     dic['headline'] = i['headline']['main'].encode("utf8") 
     dic['desk'] = i['news_desk'] 
     dic['date'] = i['pub_date'][0:10] # cutting time of day. 
     dic['section'] = i['section_name'] 
     if i['snippet'] is not None: 
      dic['snippet'] = i['snippet'].encode("utf8") 
     dic['source'] = i['source'] 
     dic['type'] = i['type_of_material'] 
     dic['url'] = i['web_url'] 
     dic['word_count'] = i['word_count'] 
     # locations 
     locations = [] 
     for x in range(0,len(i['keywords'])): 
      if 'glocations' in i['keywords'][x]['name']: 
       locations.append(i['keywords'][x]['value']) 
     dic['locations'] = locations 
     # subject 
     subjects = [] 
     for x in range(0,len(i['keywords'])): 
      if 'subject' in i['keywords'][x]['name']: 
       subjects.append(i['keywords'][x]['value']) 
     dic['subjects'] = subjects 
     news.append(dic) 
    return(news) 

def get_articles(date,query): 
    all_articles = [] 
    for i in range(0,100): #NYT limits pager to first 100 pages. But rarely will you find over 100 pages of results anyway. 
     articles = api.search(q = query, 
       fq = {'source':['Reuters','AP', 'The New York Times']}, 
       begin_date = date + '0101', 
       end_date = date + '1231', 
       sort='oldest', 
       page = str(i)) 
     articles = parse_articles(articles) 
     all_articles = all_articles + articles 
    return(all_articles) 

Amnesty_all = [] 
for i in range(1980,2014): 
    print ('Processing' + str(i) + '...') 
    Amnesty_year = get_articles(str(i),'Amnesty International') 
    Amnesty_all = Amnesty_all + Amnesty_year 

import csv 
keys = Amnesty_all[0].keys() 
with open('amnesty-mentions.csv', 'wb') as output_file: 
    dict_writer = csv.DictWriter(output_file, keys) 
    dict_writer.writeheader() 
    dict_writer.writerows(Amnesty_all)

這是輸出，當我在蟒蛇運行3.4： -

OUTPUT：

Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "/Users/niharika/Documents/nyt.py", line 7, in <module> 
    begin_date = 20111231) 
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/nytimesarticle.py", line 111, in search 
    API_ROOT, response_format, self._options(**kwargs), key 
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/nytimesarticle.py", line 84, in _options 
    v = _format_fq(v) 
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/nytimesarticle.py", line 69, in _format_fq 
    d[k] = '"' + v + '"' 
TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly 
>>>

源代碼：http://dlab.berkeley.edu/blog/scraping-new-york-times-articles-python-tutorial

來源

2017-02-13 Rakesh Naga Chinta

可能的重複[Python3錯誤：TypeError：無法將'字節'對象隱式轉換爲str]（http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16699362/python3-error-typeerror-cant-convert-bytes-object不要暗示） –