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我試圖寫模擬內存匹配遊戲程序的Python 3代碼：「列表索引範圍的」在Python記憶匹配遊戲錯誤
編寫扮演的記憶配對遊戲程序。當它啓動時，程序會提示用戶輸入包含這些卡的遊戲板的行數和列數。卡的總數量必須均勻。假設棋盤尺寸至多爲8乘9或9乘8.您的卡片必須從1到（行數*列數）//2編號。2.您的程序允許玩家指定她想要的卡片通過座標系選擇。
我已經寫了一切，但我不斷收到一個小錯誤，我不能爲我的生活弄清楚。當我嘗試使用下面的示例輸入來運行程序，我得到的錯誤「列表索引超出範圍」：
>>> main()
Enter number of rows 3
Enter number of columns 3
> ***The value of rows X columns must be even. Try again.***
Enter number of rows 2
Enter number of columns 3
> * * *
> * * *
Enter coordinates for first card 3 1 [THE ERROR IS GENERATED HERE]
<<<
據我所知，3是在這種情況下，陣列之外，但是我的代碼寫應該是以字符串的形式返回錯誤消息。相反，該程序崩潰。如果有人能指引我朝着正確的方向發展，我將不勝感激。以下是我寫的完整代碼：
import random
class Card(object):
def __init__(self,value):
self._face = 0
self._value = value
def __str__(self):
if self._face == True:
output = str(self._value)
else:
output = "*"
return output
def __eq__(self,other):
if type(self)!=type(other):
output = False
elif self._value == other._value:
output = True
else:
output = False
return output
class Deck(object):
def __init__(self, pairs):
self._pairs = pairs
self._cards = []
for cards in range(self._pairs):
self._cards.append(Card(cards))
self._cards.append(Card(cards))
def shuffle(self):
random.shuffle(self._cards)
def deal(self,index):
return self._cards[index]
def cardsleft(self):
return len(self._cards)
class Game(object):
def __init__(self,rows,columns):
self._rows = rows
self._columns = columns
self._cards = (rows*columns)//2
self._deck = Deck(self._cards)
self._quit = False
self._turns = 0
#deals the cards into a 2D list
def populateBoard(self):
k = 0
self._board = []
self._deck.shuffle()
for i in range(self._rows):
self._board.append([])
for j in range(self._columns):
self._board[i].append(self._deck.deal(k))
k+=1
#shows the cards on the board
def displayBoard(self):
output = ""
for i in range(self._rows):
for j in range(self._columns):
output += (str(self._board[i][j]) + " ")
output += "\n"
print(output)
#iterates through the cards to see if any are face down. if all pairs have been found, gameover
def isGameOver(self):
victory = True
for i in range(self._rows):
for j in range(self._columns):
if self._board[i][j]._face == False:
victory = False
break
if victory == True:
print("You Win.")
return victory
'''def play(self):
self.populateBoard()
while self._quit == False:
self.displayBoard()
self._coord1 = input("Enter the coordinates for the first card ").split(' ')
self._coord1 = list(map(int, self._coord1))
if (self._coord1[0]-1 < self._columns) and (self._coord1[1]-1 < self._rows) and (self._coord1[0]-1 >= 0) and (self._coord1[1]-1 >= 0):
self._card1 = self._board[self._coord1[0]-1][self._coord1[1]-1]
else:
self._card1 = "***Invalid coordinates! Try again.***"
while self._card1 == "***Invalid coordinates! Try again.***":
print("Coordinates outside gameboard. Please give coordinates on the board")
self._coord1 = input("Enter the coordinates for the first card ").split(' ')
self._coord1 = list(map(int, self._coord1))
if (self._coord1[0]-1 < self._columns) and (self._coord1[1]-1 < self._rows) and (self._coord1[0]-1 >= 0) and (self._coord1[1]-1 >= 0):
self._card1 = self._board[self._coord1[0]-1][self._coord1[1]-1]
else:
self._card1 = "***Invalid coordinates! Try again.***"
self._card1._face = 1
self._coord2 = input("Enter the coordinates for the second card ").split(' ')
self._coord2 = list(map(int, self._coord2))
if (self._coord2[0]-1 < self._columns) and (self._coord2[1]-1 < self._rows) and (self._coord2[0]-1 >= 0) and (self._coord2[1]-1 >= 0):
self._card2 = self._board[self._coord2[0]-1][self._coord2[1]-1]
else:
self._card2 = "***Invalid coordinates! Try again.***"
while self._card2 == "***Invalid coordinates! Try again.***" or self._card2._face == 1:
if self._card2 == "***Invalid coordinates! Try again.***":
print("Coordinates outside gameboard. Please give coordinates on the board")
else:
print("you have already selected that card. give coordinates for a facedown card")
self._coord2 = input("Enter the coordinates for the second card ").split(' ')
self._coord2 = list(map(int, self._coord2))
if (self._coord2[0]-1 < self._columns) and (self._coord2[1]-1 < self._rows) and (self._coord2[0]-1 >= 0) and (self._coord2[1]-1 >= 0):
self._card2 = self._board[self._coord2[0]-1][self._coord2[1]-1]
else:
self._card2 = "***Invalid coordinates! Try again.***"
self._card2._face = 1
if self._card1 == self._card2:
if self.isGameOver():
self._quit = True
else:
print("Not an identical pair. Found " + str(self._card1) + " at (" + str(self._coord1[0]) + "," +str(self._coord1[1]) + ") and " + str(self._card2) + " at (" + str(self._coord2[0]) + "," + str(self._coord2[1]) + ")")
self._card1._face = 0
self._card2._face = 0'''
def guessFirst(self):
self._coord1 = input("Enter the coordinates for the first card ").split(' ')
self._coord1 = list(map(int, self._coord1))
if (self._coord1[0]-1 <= self._columns) and (self._coord1[1]-1 <= self._rows) and (self._coord1[0]-1 >= 0) and (self._coord1[1]-1 >= 0):
output = self._board[self._coord1[0]-1][self._coord1[1]-1]
else:
output = "***Invalid coordinates! Try again.***"
return output
def guessSecond(self):
self._coord1 = input("Enter the coordinates for the second card ").split(' ')
self._coord1 = list(map(int, self._coord1))
if (self._coord1[0]-1 <= self._columns) and (self._coord1[1]-1 <= self._rows) and (self._coord1[0]-1 >= 0) and (self._coord1[1]-1 >= 0):
output = self._board[self._coord1[0]-1][self._coord1[1]-1]
else:
output = "***Invalid coordinates! Try again.***"
return output
def play(self):
self.populateBoard()
while self._quit == False:
self.displayBoard()
self._card1 = self.guessFirst()
while self._card1 == "***Invalid coordinates! Try again.***":
print("Coordinates outside gameboard. Please give coordinates on the board")
self._card1 = self.guessFirst()
self._card1._face = 1
self._card2 = self.guessSecond()
while self._card2 == "***Invalid coordinates! Try again.***" or self._card2._face == 1:
if self._card2 == "***Invalid coordinates! Try again.***":
print("Coordinates outside gameboard. Please give coordinates on the board")
else:
print("you have already selected that card. give coordinates for a facedown card")
self._card2 = self.guessSecond()
self._card2._face = 1
self.displayBoard()
if self._card1 == self._card2:
if self.isGameOver():
self._quit = True
else:
self._card1._face = 0
self._card2._face = 0
def main():
while True:
# Force user to enter valid value for number of rows
while True:
rows = input("Enter number of rows ")
if rows.isdigit() and (1 <= int(rows) <= 9):
rows = int(rows)
break
else:
print (" ***Number of rows must be between 1 and 9! Try again.***")
# Adding *** and indenting error message makes it easier for the user to see
# Force user to enter valid value for number of columns
while True:
columns = input("Enter number of columns ")
if columns.isdigit() and (1 <= int(columns) <= 9):
columns = int(columns)
break
else:
print (" ***Number of columns must be between 1 and 9! Try again.***")
if rows * columns % 2 == 0:
break
else:
print (" ***The value of rows X columns must be even. Try again.***")
game = Game(rows, columns)
game.play()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
爲什麼'def play：'在三重引號字符串中？ – Barmar
發佈完整的錯誤消息。它應該說錯誤發生在哪一行。 – Barmar