如何在python中逐行讀取和替換文本中的文本

Question

我是python的初學者，希望學習如何替換來自不同文件的文本。

我知道如何做到這一點基本的，但需要這方面的幫助：

我有3個文件main.txt，names.txt中和number.txt

names.txt中看起來是這樣的：

Anna 
Smith 
Bob 
Jhon 

number.txt看起來是這樣的：

1-522-223 
1-523-232 
1-593-573 
1-322-242 

文件names.txt中1號線與number.txt線1對應（所以安娜的手機是第一個number.txt，史密斯手機在number.txt第二等）

現在這裏有一個問題： 文件main.txt看起來是這樣的：

The person Judy lives in Ontario and has phone number 1-888-2923 
The person Michael lives in Toronto and has phone number 1-999-2388 
The person Cameron lives in Berlin and has phone number 1-666-2888 
The person Douglas lives in Tokyo and has phone number 5-7777-223 

我知道如何查找和替換，問題是我需要相應改變的電話和名字在每行中main.txt行numbers.txt and names.txt。 所以編輯main.txt應該是：

The person Anna lives in Ontario and has phone number 1-522-223 
The person Smith lives in Toronto and has phone number 1-523-232 
The person Bob lives in Berlin and has phone number 1-593-573 
and so on... 

我真的不知道如何做到這一點，而文件是相當大的，像2000行文字。誰能幫我 ？

Answer 1

您可以從每個文件壓縮每一行一次性更新並重新寫出。我爲輸出使用了一個新文件。

COL_NAME = 2 
COL_PHONENUM = -1 

with open('new_main.txt', 'w') as outfile: 
    # zip corresponding lines from each file 
    for entry in zip(open('names.txt'), open('number.txt'), open('main.txt')): 
     main_data = entry[2].split() 
     main_data[COL_NAME] = entry[0].strip() 
     main_data[COL_PHONENUM] = entry[1].strip() 
     outfile.write('{}\n'.format(' '.join(main_data))) 

內容的new_main.txt：

$ cat new_main.txt 
The person Anna lives in Ontario and has phone number 1-522-223 
The person Smith lives in Toronto and has phone number 1-523-232 
The person Bob lives in Berlin and has phone number 1-593-573 
The person Jhon lives in Tokyo and has phone number 1-322-242 

Answer 2

AS號是主最後的方法（[-1]）和名稱3TH（[2]）可以拆分在主線路和更換name和數量：

with open('name.txt','r') as n: 
    names =n.readlines() 
    n.close() 

with open('number.txt','r') as n: 
    numbers =n.readlines() 
    n.close() 

with open('main.txt','r') as n: 
    main =n.readlines() 
    n.close() 

newmain=[] 
for i in main 
    for j,k in zip(names,numbers): 
     i.split()[2]=j 
     i.split()[-1]=k 
     newmain.append(i) 

newmain=['',join(i) for i in newmain] 

with open('main.txt','w') as n: 
    main =n.write(str(newmain)) 
    n.close() 

Answer 3

所以，你有3個數據集：

• 名
• 城市
• 數字

假設3組，每組項之間的關係是由它們的位置給定（＃1 NAE去與＃1市1號電話），你將不得不

1. 提取主要城市列表。TXT（例如使用正則表達式）
2. 組織數據（列表或字典）
3. 使用的模板字符串格式重建一個新的main.txt

讓我們去：

def extractCities(path_to_main_txt_file): 
    '''takes a path to txt file 
    returns a list of cities''' 

    import re 

    with open(path_to_main_txt_file, 'r') as f: 
     txt = f.read() 

    return re.findall('in (.*) and', l) 


def organizeData(names, cities, numbers): 
    '''takes 3 lists 
    returns 1 nested list''' 

    return [[n, cities[names.index(n)], numbers[names.index(n)]] for n in names] 

用法

>>> with open(r'path/to/names.txt') as f: 
     names = f.read().splitlines() 
>>> with open(r'path/to/numbers.txt') as f: 
     numbers = f.read().splitlines() 
>>> cities = extractCities(r'path/to/main.txt') 
>>> data = organizeData(names, cities, numbers) 
>>> template = u'The person {p} lives in {c} and has phone number {n}\n' 
>>> main = [template.format(p=d[0], c=d[1], n=d[2]) for d in data] 

現在main包含字符串列表：您可以在寫新文件，覆蓋原始文件...