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我正在使用PyOmo生成一個非線性模型,最終將使用Ipopt來解決這個問題。該模型是如下:PyOmo/Ipopt以「無法評估pow」失敗
from pyomo.environ import *
from pyomo.dae import *
m = ConcreteModel()
m.t = ContinuousSet(bounds=(0,100))
m.T = Param(default=100,mutable=True)
m.a = Param(default=0.1)
m.kP = Param(default=20)
m.P = Var(m.t, bounds=(0,None))
m.S = Var(m.t, bounds=(0,None))
m.u = Var(m.t, bounds=(0,1), initialize=0.5)
m.Pdot = DerivativeVar(m.P)
m.Sdot = DerivativeVar(m.S)
m.obj = Objective(expr=m.S[100],sense=maximize)
def _Pdot(M,i):
if i == 0:
return Constraint.Skip
return M.Pdot[i] == (1-M.u[i])*(M.P[i]**0.75)
def _Sdot(M,i):
if i == 0:
return Constraint.Skip
return M.Sdot[i] == M.u[i]*0.2*(M.P[i]**0.75)
def _init(M):
yield M.P[0] == 2
yield M.S[0] == 0
yield ConstraintList.End
m.Pdotcon = Constraint(m.t, rule=_Pdot)
m.Sdotcon = Constraint(m.t, rule=_Sdot)
m.init_conditions = ConstraintList(rule=_init)
discretizer = TransformationFactory('dae.collocation')
discretizer.apply_to(m,nfe=100,ncp=3,scheme='LAGRANGE-RADAU')
discretizer.reduce_collocation_points(m,var=m.u,ncp=1,contset=m.t)
solver = SolverFactory('ipopt')
results = solver.solve(m,tee=False)
運行在下面的錯誤模型結果:
Error evaluating constraint 1: can't evaluate pow'(0,0.75).
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pyomo/opt/base/solvers.py", line 577, in solve
"Solver (%s) did not exit normally" % self.name)
pyutilib.common._exceptions.ApplicationError: Solver (asl) did not exit normally
錯誤的第一部分來自Ipopt而第二部分來自PyOmo。顯然這個問題在約束條件下與M.P[i]**0.75
沒有任何關係,但更改權力並不能解決問題(儘管2.0
確實有效)。
我該如何解決這個問題?