如何匹配兩個字符串之間的某些詞（在MATLAB中）？

Question

在以下兩個字符串中，在「兔子」和「樹」是匹配的：

str1 = ('rabbit is eating grass near a tree'); 
str2 = ('rabbit is sleeping under tree'); 

假設cmp是宣告比較這兩個變量。我想要的結果如下：

cmp = 2 

或者表明兩個單詞匹配的東西。我該怎麼做呢？

Answer 1

「瘋狂」bsxfun方法，其中mig HT類似intersect，但沒有測試 -

功能 -

function out = cell2_matchind(split1,split2) 

c1 = char(split1)-'0'; 
c2 = char(split2)-'0'; 
if size(c1,2)<size(c2,2) 
    c1 = [c1 -16.*ones(size(c1,1),size(c2,2)-size(c1,2))]; 
else 
    c2 = [c2 -16.*ones(size(c2,1),size(c1,2)-size(c2,2))]; 
end 
out = any(squeeze(sum(bsxfun(@eq,permute(c1,[3 2 1]),c2),2))==size(c2,2),2); 

主要MATLAB腳本 -

% Source of stopwords- http://norm.al/2009/04/14/list-of-english-stop-words/ 
stopwords_cellstring={'a', 'about', 'above', 'above', 'across', 'after', ... 
    'afterwards', 'again', 'against', 'all', 'almost', 'alone', 'along', ... 
    'already', 'also','although','always','am','among', 'amongst', 'amoungst', ... 
    'amount', 'an', 'and', 'another', 'any','anyhow','anyone','anything','anyway', ... 
    'anywhere', 'are', 'around', 'as', 'at', 'back','be','became', 'because','become',... 
    'becomes', 'becoming', 'been', 'before', 'beforehand', 'behind', 'being', 'below',... 
    'beside', 'besides', 'between', 'beyond', 'bill', 'both', 'bottom','but', 'by',... 
    'call', 'can', 'cannot', 'cant', 'co', 'con', 'could', 'couldnt', 'cry', 'de',... 
    'describe', 'detail', 'do', 'done', 'down', 'due', 'during', 'each', 'eg', 'eight',... 
    'either', 'eleven','else', 'elsewhere', 'empty', 'enough', 'etc', 'even', 'ever', ... 
    'every', 'everyone', 'everything', 'everywhere', 'except', 'few', 'fifteen', 'fify',... 
    'fill', 'find', 'fire', 'first', 'five', 'for', 'former', 'formerly', 'forty', 'found',... 
    'four', 'from', 'front', 'full', 'further', 'get', 'give', 'go', 'had', 'has', 'hasnt',... 
    'have', 'he', 'hence', 'her', 'here', 'hereafter', 'hereby', 'herein', 'hereupon', ... 
    'hers', 'herself', 'him', 'himself', 'his', 'how', 'however', 'hundred', 'ie', 'if',... 
    'in', 'inc', 'indeed', 'interest', 'into', 'is', 'it', 'its', 'itself', 'keep', 'last',... 
    'latter', 'latterly', 'least', 'less', 'ltd', 'made', 'many', 'may', 'me', 'meanwhile',... 
    'might', 'mill', 'mine', 'more', 'moreover', 'most', 'mostly', 'move', 'much', 'must',... 
    'my', 'myself', 'name', 'namely', 'neither', 'never', 'nevertheless', 'next', 'nine',... 
    'no', 'nobody', 'none', 'noone', 'nor', 'not', 'nothing', 'now', 'nowhere', 'of', 'off',... 
    'often', 'on', 'once', 'one', 'only', 'onto', 'or', 'other', 'others', 'otherwise',... 
    'our', 'ours', 'ourselves', 'out', 'over', 'own','part', 'per', 'perhaps', 'please',... 
    'put', 'rather', 're', 'same', 'see', 'seem', 'seemed', 'seeming', 'seems', 'serious',... 
    'several', 'she', 'should', 'show', 'side', 'since', 'sincere', 'six', 'sixty', 'so',... 
    'some', 'somehow', 'someone', 'something', 'sometime', 'sometimes', 'somewhere', ... 
    'still', 'such', 'system', 'take', 'ten', 'than', 'that', 'the', 'their', 'them',... 
    'themselves', 'then', 'thence', 'there', 'thereafter', 'thereby', 'therefore', ... 
    'therein', 'thereupon', 'these', 'they', 'thickv', 'thin', 'third', 'this', 'those',... 
    'though', 'three', 'through', 'throughout', 'thru', 'thus', 'to', 'together', 'too',... 
    'top', 'toward', 'towards', 'twelve', 'twenty', 'two', 'un', 'under', 'until', 'up',... 
    'upon', 'us', 'very', 'via', 'was', 'we', 'well', 'were', 'what', 'whatever', 'when',... 
    'whence', 'whenever', 'where', 'whereafter', 'whereas', 'whereby', 'wherein',... 
    'whereupon', 'wherever', 'whether', 'which', 'while', 'whither', 'who', 'whoever',... 
    'whole', 'whom', 'whose', 'why', 'will', 'with', 'within', 'without', 'would', 'yet',... 
    'you', 'your', 'yours', 'yourself', 'yourselves', 'the'}; 

str1 = ('rabbit is eating grass near a tree and will be sleeping inside the tree-hole'); 
str2 = ('rabbit is sleeping under tree and after waking up will be eating the nuts nearby'); 

split1 = unique(regexp(str1,'\s','Split'),'stable'); 
split2 = unique(regexp(str2,'\s','Split'),'stable'); 

cw_split2 = split2(cell2_matchind(split1,split2)) 
cw_split2_nostopwd = cw_split2(~cell2_matchind(stopwords_cellstring,cw_split2)) 
cmp = numel(cw_split2_nostopwd) 

輸出 -

cw_split2 = 
    'rabbit' 'is' 'sleeping' 'tree' 'and' 'will' 'be' 'eating' 'the' 

cw_split2_nostopwd = 
    'rabbit' 'sleeping' 'tree' 'eating' 

cmp = 
    4 

Answer 2

將此用於不區分大小寫;

CMP = strcmpi(string,string) 

將此用於區分大小寫;

CMP = strcmpi(string,string) 

如果CMP是1，他們是相同的，如果他們不是0。

如果你不想空白，這使得更好的比較，請先修剪它們並進行比較。

用於修整;

newString = strtrim(str) 

Answer 3

我假設它們的位置或順序沒有限制。首先，您需要將句子拆分爲單個單詞，刪除任何重複單詞，然後查看句子2中的任何單詞是否與第一句中的單詞匹配。

如果現在訂貨事做，是不是很簡單，但你的問題作出而沒有這種約束

str1= ('rabbit is eating grass near a tree'); 
str2= ('rabbit is sleeping under tree'); 
split1 = unique(regexp(str1,'\s','Split')); 
split2 = unique(regexp(str2,'\s','Split')); 

% Storing all words in the first sentence into a map for quick search/access 
dict = containers.Map(); 
for ii = 1:numel(split1) 
    dict(split1{ii}) = true; 
end 

% create temp holding cell array, then loop through, looking to see if 
% any word in the second sentence is stored in the dictionary made from 
% the first sentence. 
matches = {}; 
for jj = 1:numel(split2) 
    if dict.isKey(split2{jj}) 
     matches = [matches,split2{jj}]; % not best but length initially unknown 
    end 
end 

numMatches = numel(matches) % return the number of matches 

變量matches將包含所有的兩個句子之間匹配的單詞的指示。

Answer 4

按照其他答案將字符串拆分爲單個單詞數組。

str1= ('rabbit is eating grass near a tree'); 
str2= ('rabbit is sleeping under tree'); 

% split string into cell array of unique strings 
split1 = regexp(str1,'\s','Split'); 
split2 = regexp(str2,'\s','Split'); 

可選地更高版本的MATLAB（IIRC R2013a）的包括strsplit（）函數，以便分割可以減少到

split1 = strsplit(str1); 
split2 = strsplit(str2); 

然後使用交叉（）函數來獲得共同的元素數在兩個單元陣列之間。添加一個長度以返回整數計數。

cmp = length(intersect(split1,split2)); 

Answer 5

隨着ismember你只需要一條線。

str1 = ('rabbit is eating grass near a tree'); 
str2 = ('rabbit is sleeping under a tree'); 

result = sum(ismember(strsplit(str1), strsplit(str2))) 

result = 

    4    %// I included also the article "a" 

注意下列句子中的結果是一樣的：

str1 = ('rabbit is eating grass near a tree, an oak tree'); 
str2 = ('rabbit is sleeping under a tree and is dreaming about a tree'); 

result = sum(ismember(strsplit(str1), strsplit(str2))) 

提前的重複去除，通過MZimmerman6建議是沒有必要的。

---

如果要過濾不需要的字符串的結果，能不能介紹一下串的另一單元陣列與所有異常：

str3 = {'is','a'} 
unwanted = sum(ismember(intersect(strsplit(str1), strsplit(str2)), str3)) 

unwanted = 

    2 

---

產品總數可能看起來像：

str1 = ('rabbit is eating grass near a tree, an oak tree'); 
str2 = ('rabbit is sleeping under a tree and is dreaming about a tree'); 
str3 = {'is','a'} 

[x,y,z] = deal(strsplit(str1), strsplit(str2), str3) 
result = sum(ismember(x,y)) - sum(ismember(intersect(x,y),z)) 
     =  4   -   2   =  2