如何在Pygame中創建一個暫停按鈕？

Question

我一直在嘗試製作一款遊戲，並且其中的所有內容除了暫停按鈕之外都可以工作，按下按鈕P時應該暫停，並且按下時應該繼續。我有點理解這個問題，一旦進入主代碼中的while循環，它就不會退出。我試圖在while循環中放置暫停函數。如果可能，請提供幫助或提供修補建議，謝謝。

import pygame 

# Colors 
BLACK = (0, 0, 0) 
WHITE = (255, 255, 255) 
Blue = (2,55,55) 



def recursive_draw(x, y, width, height): 
    """ Recursive rectangle function. """ 
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, 
        [x, y, width, height], 
        1) 
    speed = [10,0] 
    rect_change_x = 10 
    rect_change_y = 10 




    # Is the rectangle wide enough to draw again? 
    if (width > 25): 
     # Scale down 
     x += width * .1 
     y += height * .1 
     width *= .8 
     height *= .8 


       # Recursively draw again 
     recursive_draw(x, y, width, height) 

def recursive_draw2(x, y, width, height): 
    """ Recursive rectangle function. """ 
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, Blue, 
        [x, y, width, height], 
        1) 
    speed = [10,0] 
    rect_change_x = 10 
    rect_change_y = 10 




    # Is the rectangle wide enough to draw again? 
    if (width > 25): 
     x += width * .1 
     y += height * .1 
     width *= .8 
     height *= .8 



       # Recursively draw again 
     recursive_draw2(x, y, width, height) 
def paused(): 
    screen.fill(black) 

    largeText = pygame.font.SysFont("comicsansms",115) 
    TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("Paused", largeText) 
    TextRect.center = ((display_width/2),(display_height/2)) 
    gameDisplay.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 


    while pause: 
     for event in pygame.event.get(): 

      if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
       pygame.quit() 
       quit() 

     #gameDisplay.fill(white) 


     button("Continue",150,450,100,50,green,bright_green,unpause) 
     button("Quit",550,450,100,50,red,bright_red,quitgame) 

     pygame.display.update() 
     clock.tick(15) 


pygame.init() 
#rectanglelist = [big()] 
# Set the height and width of the screen 
size = [700, 500] 
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size) 

pygame.display.set_caption("My Game") 

# Loop until the user clicks the close button. 
done = False 

# Used to manage how fast the screen updates 
clock = pygame.time.Clock() 
black=(0,0,0) 

end_it=False 
time = 100 

USEREVENT = 0 

pygame.time.set_timer(USEREVENT+1, 10) 
milliseconds = 0 
seconds = 0 
start_it = False 
while (end_it==False): 
    screen.fill(black) 
    myfont=pygame.font.SysFont("Britannic Bold", 40) 
    nlabel=myfont.render("Welcome to "+ " Jet shooter ", 1, (255, 0, 0)) 
    label=myfont.render("Click on the mouse to start ", 1, (255, 0, 0)) 
    for event in pygame.event.get(): 
     if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: 
      end_it=True 

    screen.blit(nlabel,(200, 100)) 
    screen.blit(label, (170,300)) 
    pygame.display.flip() 

while (start_it==False): 

    screen.fill(black) 
    myfont2=pygame.font.SysFont("Britannic Bold", 40) 
    label2=myfont2.render("Ready?", 1, (255, 0, 0)) 
    screen.blit(label2, (300,250)) 
    pygame.display.flip() 
    pygame.time.wait(3000) 
    start_it = True 
fall = False 
while (fall==False): 
    nlist = [3,2,1] 
    for i in (nlist): 


     screen.fill(black) 
     n = str(i) 
     myfont3=pygame.font.SysFont("Britannic Bold", 40) 
     score = myfont3.render(n,1,(255,0,0)) 
     screen.blit((score), (350,250)) 
     pygame.display.flip() 
     pygame.time.wait(1000) 
    screen.fill(black) 
    myfont4=pygame.font.SysFont("Britannic Bold", 40) 
    label4=myfont3.render("GOOO!!!", 1, (255, 0, 0)) 
    screen.blit(label4, (300,250)) 
    pygame.display.flip() 
    pygame.time.wait (1000) 

    fall = True 
pause = 0    
b = 0 

# -------- Main Program Loop ----------- 
while not done: 
     for event in pygame.event.get(): 

      if event.type == pygame.KEYUP: 
       if event.key==K_p: 
        pause=True 
       if pause == True: 
        screen.fill(black) 
        font=pygame.font.SysFont("Britannic Bold", 40) 
        nlabelBB=myfont.render("Pause", 1, (255, 0, 0)) 
        screen.blit(nlabelBB,(200, 100)) 
        pygame.display.flip() 



     # Set the screen background 
     screen.fill(BLACK) 
     flip = 1 
     a = 0 

    # ALL CODE TO DRAW SHOULD GO BELOW THIS COMMENT 


     recursive_draw(0, 0, 700, 500) 


     recursive_draw2(35,25, 625, 450) 
**###I TRIED TO PUT THE PAUSE GAME HERE AND IF PRESSED P PAUSE AND S CONTINUE 
     while a == 0 : 


      if flip == 1 : 
       recursive_draw(35,25,625,450) 
       recursive_draw2(0, 0, 700, 500) 

       flip = flip + 1 
       pygame.display.flip() 
       if event.type == pygame.KEYUP: 
        if event.key==K_p: 
         a = 1 
         screen.fill(black) 
         font=pygame.font.SysFont("Britannic Bold", 40) 
         nlabelBB=myfont.render("Pause", 1, (255, 0, 0)) 
         screen.blit(nlabelBB,(200, 100)) 
         pygame.display.flip() 
        if event.key==K_s: 
         a = 0 





      if flip == 2 : 
       recursive_draw(0, 0, 700, 500) 
       recursive_draw2(35, 25, 625, 450) 

       flip = flip - 1 
       pygame.display.flip() 
       if event.type == pygame.KEYUP: 
        if event.key==K_p: 
         a = 1 
         screen.fill(black) 
         font=pygame.font.SysFont("Britannic Bold", 40) 
         nlabelBB=myfont.render("Pause", 1, (255, 0, 0)) 
         screen.blit(nlabelBB,(200, 100)) 
         pygame.display.flip() 
        if event.key==K_s: 
         a = 0** 

     if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
      done = True 





    # ALL CODE TO DRAW SHOULD GO ABOVE THIS COMMENT 

    # Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn. 
pygame.display.flip() 

    # Limit to 60 frames per second 
clock.tick(20) 

# Be IDLE friendly. If you forget this line, the program will 'hang' 
# on exit. 
pygame.quit() 

Answer 1

只需使用一個單一的遊戲循環的一切，並保持當前狀態的軌道（如主菜單，暫停畫面，遊戲場景），你的遊戲..

這裏我們保持一個例子通過一個簡單的變量軌道狀態在我們的遊戲循環稱爲state並做相應處理：

import pygame, math, itertools 

def magnitude(v): 
    return math.sqrt(sum(v[i]*v[i] for i in range(len(v)))) 

def sub(u, v): 
    return [u[i]-v[i] for i in range(len(u))] 

def normalize(v): 
    return [v[i]/magnitude(v) for i in range(len(v))] 

pygame.init() 
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((300, 300)) 
clock = pygame.time.Clock()  

path = itertools.cycle([(26, 43), (105, 110), (45, 225), (145, 295), (266, 211), (178, 134), (250, 56), (147, 12)]) 
target = next(path) 
ball, speed = pygame.rect.Rect(target[0], target[1], 10, 10), 3.6 
pause_text = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 32).render('Pause', True, pygame.color.Color('White')) 

RUNNING, PAUSE = 0, 1 
state = RUNNING 

while True: 
    for e in pygame.event.get(): 
     if e.type == pygame.QUIT: break 
     if e.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: 
      if e.key == pygame.K_p: state = PAUSE 
      if e.key == pygame.K_s: state = RUNNING 
    else: 
     screen.fill((0, 0, 0)) 

     if state == RUNNING: 
      target_vector = sub(target, ball.center) 

      if magnitude(target_vector) < 2: 
       target = next(path) 
      else: 
       ball.move_ip([c * speed for c in normalize(target_vector)]) 

      pygame.draw.rect(screen, pygame.color.Color('Yellow'), ball) 

     elif state == PAUSE: 
      screen.blit(pause_text, (100, 100)) 

     pygame.display.flip() 
     clock.tick(60) 
     continue 
    break 

正如你所看到的，矩形保持未動直到您按P，這會將狀態更改爲PAUSE;現在將顯示一條簡單的消息，而不是進一步繪製/移動矩形。

如果您按S狀態切換回正常模式;全部在一個遊戲循環中完成。

延伸閱讀：

• Pygame level/menu states
• Mulitple Displays in Pygame
• Trying to figure out how to track Pygame events and organize the game's functions